THERMAL ENERGY

Vocabulary Review
Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once.

convection heat engine second law of thermodynamics

entropy heat of fusion specific heat
first law of thermodynamics heat of vaporization thermal conduction
heat radiation thermal equilibrium

1. _________________________ is the state at which the rate of thermal energy transfer

between two objects is equal and the objects are at the same
temperature.
2. _________________________ The transfer of thermal energy between objects is called ____ .
3. _________________________ The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one
unit mass of a substance by one temperature unit is the ____ of
the substance.
4. _________________________ The amount of energy needed to melt 1 kg of a substance is the

5. _________________________
6. _________________________
7. _________________________
8. _________________________
9. _________________________
The ____ states that the change in thermal energy of an object
equals the heat added to the object minus the work done by
the object.
is the transfer of kinetic energy when particles collide.
is the motion of a fluid caused by temperature differences.
The amount of energy required to convert 1 kg of a substance
from a liquid to a gas is the ____ .
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called ____ .

Chapter 12  Thermal Energy

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SECTION 1  Temperature, Heat, and Thermal Energy

In your textbook, read about the theory of thermal energy and temperature.
For each statement below, write true or rewrite the italicized part to make the statement true.

1. _________________________ The temperature of an object is a measure of the total kinetic

2. _________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
energy of the particles.
The thermal energy in an object depends on the number of
particles in the object and the temperature of the object.
Two bodies are in rotational equilibrium if they are at the same
temperature.
A Kelvin is equal in magnitude to a Celsius degree.

5. _________________________ Absolute zero is equal to 0°C.

6. _________________________ The freezing point of water is 0°C or 212 K.

7. _________________________ Absolute zero is the point at which a substance has minimal

thermal energy.

In your textbook, read about specific heat.

For each term on the left, write the letter of the corresponding item.

8. _____ unit of specific heat a. K

9. _____ heat b. S

10. _____ degree Celsius c. T

11. _____ Kelvin d. C

12. _____ entropy e. Q

13. _____ energy change f. J/(kg•K)

14. _____ temperature change g. E

Chapter 12  Thermal Energy

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SECTION 2 Changes of State and Thermodynamics
In your textbook, read about changes of state.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The energy needed to melt 1 kg of a substance is called the _____ .

a. heat of vaporization c. heat of fusion
b. melting point d. freezing point
2. The temperature at which all added thermal energy is used to change a liquid to a gas is the
_____ .
a. boiling point c. heat of fusion
b. melting point d. heat of vaporization
3. How does the amount of energy absorbed by 1 g of ice as it melts compare to the amount of
energy released by 1 g of water as it freezes?
a. More energy is released by the ice than is absorbed by the water.
b. More energy is absorbed by the water than is released by the ice.
c. The amounts of energy absorbed and released depend on the surrounding temperature.
d. They are the same.
4. Which equation correctly relates heat, mass, and the heat of vaporization?
a. Q  m  Hv c. Q  m/Hv
b. Q  mHv d. Q  Hv/m
5. As a liquid changes to a gas, _____ .
a. both its kinetic and potential c. only its potential energy increases
energy increase
b. only its kinetic energy increases d. neither its kinetic nor potential energy increases
6. How does the amount of energy needed to melt 1 kg of ice at 0C compare to the amount of
energy needed to change 1 kg of water to steam at 100C? The heat of fusion of water is
3.34105 J/kg, and the heat of vaporization of water is 2.26106 J/kg.
a. It takes about two-thirds as much energy to boil the water as to melt the ice.
b. It takes the same amount of energy to boil the water and melt the ice.
c. It takes about two-thirds as much energy to melt the ice as to boil the water.
d. It takes more than six times as much energy to boil the water as to melt the ic

Chapter 12  Thermal Energy

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 Chapter 12 Ÿ Thermal Energy

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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.