THE MOLE

1 dozen = 12
1 gross = 144
1 ream = 500
1 mole = 6.02 x 1023

There are exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 in

one mole of carbon-12.
MOLE

• A mole is defined as 6.02214076 ×

1023 of some chemical unit, be it
atoms, molecules, ions, or others.
The mole is a convenient unit to use
because of the great number of atoms,
molecules, or others in any substance.
 WHAT YOU MUST KNOW ABOUT MOLE
Students know the quantity one mole is set by defining one mole of
carbon 12 atoms to have a mass of exactly 12 grams.

Students know one mole equals 6.022 x 1023 particles (atoms or

molecules).

Students know how to determine the molar mass of a molecule from

its chemical formula and a table of atomic masses and how to convert
the mass of a molecular substance to moles, number of particles, or
volume of gas at standard temperature and pressure.
DO ALL SUBSTANCES HAVE THE SAME MASS IN
ONE MOLE? LET’S FIND OUT!
• The atomic mass of an element is the mass of one atom of the
element expressed in atomic mass units (amu).
• The atomic mass of a carbon-12 atom is 12 atomic mass units,
but that of a carbon-13 atom is 13 amu. The atomic mass of an
element is roughly equal to the sum of all the protons and
neutrons present in its nucleus.
• Please refer to your Periodic Table of Elements.
• The molecular mass of a molecule is the sum
of the atomic masses of all its constituent non-
metallic elements.
• This quantity is also represented in terms of
atomic mass units. Therefore, the molecular
mass of water is equal to the sum of the atomic
masses of its constituents – hydrogen and
oxygen.
• Formula mass is the total masses of all its
constituent elements for the formula units of
ionic compound.
• The formula mass is obtained by
adding the masses of each individual
atom in the formula of the compound.
• The molar mass of a substance is defined as the total
mass of one mole of the substance
• ( can be atomic mass, molecular mass or formula
mass) .
• It is often represented in terms of ‘grams per mole’
(g/mol). However, the SI unit of this quantity is kg/mol.
Molar mass can be represented by the following formula:
• Molar mass of a Substance = (number of atoms) (atomic
mass)
CALCULATING MOLAR MASS
Calculate the molecular mass of carbon dioxide, CO 2.

12.01 g + 2(16.00 g) = 44.01 g

 One mole of CO2 (6.02 x 1023 molecules) has a mass

of 44.01 grams
CALCULATING MOLAR MASS
Calculate the molecular mass of water, H2O.

 One mole of H2O (6.02 x 1023 molecules) has a mass

of 18.02 grams
SOLVING FOR A
MOLE
 SAMPLE PROBLEM #1

• How many moles are in 48 g of Magnesium (Mg)?

No. of moles = 48 g of Mg
24.31 g/mol Mg
= 1.97 or 2.0 mol Mg
 SAMPLE PROBLEM #2

• How many grams are equivalent to 20 moles of water?

Mass = 20 mol X 18.02 g/mol

=360.4 grams of H2O
 NUMBER OF PARTICLES

How many atoms are in 3 moles of sodium, Na?

 NUMBER OF PARTICLES

Number of particles = Number of moles x Avogadro’s no.

Calculate the number of molecules in 20 g Sodium hydroxide,
NaOH.

= 3.01 x 1023 particles

DERIVING NUMBER OF PARTICLES FROM THE MOLE OF A
SUBSTANCE

• vi Number of particles= n x 6.022 X 10 23

 CALCULATIONS WITH MOLES:
CONVERTING MOLES TO GRAMS
How many grams of lithium are in 3.50 moles of
lithium?

3.50 mol Li 6.94 g Li = 24.3g Li

1 mol Li
CALCULATIONS WITH MOLES:
CONVERTING GRAMS TO MOLES
How many moles of lithium are in 18.2 grams of
lithium?

18.2 g Li 1 mol Li
= 2.62
mol Li
6.94 g Li
 CALCULATIONS WITH MOLES:
USING AVOGADRO’S NUMBER
How many atoms of lithium are in 3.50 moles of
lithium?

3.50 mol 6.02 x 1023 atoms

= 2.07 xatoms
1024
1 mol
 CALCULATIONS WITH MOLES:
USING AVOGADRO’S NUMBER
How many atoms of lithium are in 18.2 g of
lithium?

18.2 g Li 1 mol Li 6.022 x 1023 atoms Li

6.94 g Li 1 mol Li

(18.2)(6.022 x 1023)/6.94 = 1.58 xatoms

1024 Li
 CALCULATIONS WITH MOLES:
USING STANDARD MOLAR VOLUME
How many moles of hydrogen are in 100 L of
hydrogen at STP?

100 L 1 mol
= 4.64
mol
22.4 L
CALCULATIONS WITH MOLES:
USING STANDARD MOLAR VOLUME
How many liters are occupied by 3 moles of oxygen
gas at STP?

3 mol 22.4 L
= 67.2
L
1 mol