The Mole

Honors Chemistry
Are these moles?
What is a mole?

 A unit of measurement

 Since the numbers in chemistry are so small,

we use a “preferred unit of measurement”
(mole) to represent the small number
What are the units of measurement?
 "that equal number" of atoms arbitrarily chosen.
 the number of atoms in the atomic weight in g of any
element.
 the number of atoms in 16 g of oxygen, in 4 grams
of He, in 32 g of sulfur, etc.
 the number of molecules in the molecular weight, in
grams, of any compound.
 the number of molecules in 18 g of water, in 40 g of
lithium carbide.
 Much later, a mole, that equal number, was found to
be 6.022 x 1023(representative particles).
Examples

 1 mole (or abbr. mol) = 12.011 g of Carbon

 1 mol of Carbon = 6.02 x 1023 atoms of C

 1 mol of H2O = 6.02 x 1023 molecules of water

 1 mol of NaCl = 6.02 x 1023 units of NaCl

 Figure 8.1: All these samples of pure elements contain the
same number (a mole) of atoms: 6.022 x 10 23 atoms.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company.All rights reserved. 8–5

Moles in mass

 1 mole can equal the atomic weight of an

element.
 1mol of C = 12.011g of C

 1 mole can equal the atomic weight of a

compound
 1mol of CO = 12.011g of C + 15.99 g of O
= 28.0 g of CO
Group Whiteboards

 How many grams are in 1 mol of

 Nitrogen?
 Dinitrogen monoxide?
**How many mols are in 100g sample of N2O?
 Warm Up #8

 How many grams of Cu are in 1.20 mol of

Cu?
 How many moles are in 70g of Cl?
Moles in compounds

Let’s say you have water aka. H2O

How many moles of Hydrogen atoms(ions) are
in water?
 Ask yourself how many individual atoms of
Hydrogen do you see in water?
 Did you say 2???

 Is that your final answer?

 You are correct! So how many mols of

Oxygen atoms do you see?
Moles in an equation

2 H2 + O2  2H2O

How many moles of Hydrogen molecules are in

the reactants?
*Coefficients serve as the number of moles too!
Therefore, there are 2 mols of Hydrogen gas
Molecules
Atoms
Units Mole Conversion
Boomerang
Mole Conversions

 Mass to mole or vice versa:

 How many moles are in 24 g of Carbon?
 Look at the boomerang:
 Start with the given: 24 g (mass) of C
 What do you want in the end? Moles of C
 Use the conversion factor given:
 1 mole
Atomic mass
24 g of C x 1 mol of C = 2.0 mol of Carbon
12.011 g of C
Brain Teaser

 Given 200 g of water, how many molecules of

water do you have?
 How many liters of carbon dioxide are in 1.5 x
10^33 molecules of carbon dioxide?
More conversion
 Mole to particles or vice versa
 How many atoms are in 2.00 mols of Carbon?
 Look at the boomerang:
 Where do you begin? (the given: mols)
 What do you need in the end? (atoms: particles)
 What’s the conversion factor?
 6.02 x 1023 Atoms of C
1 Mols of C

2.00 mols of C x 6.02 x 1023 atoms of C = 1.20 x 1024 atoms C

1 mol of C
White boards

 How many molecules of oxygen gas are in

3.0 mols of Oxygen gas?
 How many mols of Oxygen gas are in

4.67 x 1024 molecules of Oxygen gas?

Final conversion!!!

 Mole to moles of atoms or vice versa

 If you have 2.00 mols of water, how many
moles of hydrogen atoms are there?
 Look at the boomerang:
 Mols  mols of atoms(ions) CF: mols of H+ atoms
mols of water
2.00 mols of H2O x 2 mols of H+ atoms =
1 mol of H2O
= 4.00 mols of H+ atoms
Final conversion!!!

 Mole to Volume (gas) or vice versa

 Any gas at STP (standard temperature and
pressure) has a volume of 22.4L per mole
 Look at the cloud chart:
 Mols  volume of gas CF: Moles of gas
22.4L of gas
Ex. How much volume of gas is in 5.00 moles of H2?
5.00 moles H2 x 22.4 L of H2 = 122 L of H2
1 mole of H2
Rally table

 Must show work (dimensional analysis)

 How many grams are in 1 mol of Mercury?
 Given a 1.5 mols of carbon dioxide, how
many molecules of carbon dioxide do you
have?
 Given 3.00 mols of carbon tetraflouride, how
many mols of Flourine atoms are there in a
compound?