Reduction 

•Should have         /ˈmʌst.hæv/

•Might have       /ˈmaɪt.əv/

Reduction Pronounced like an ending

of the preceding model

of Modal •Could have       /ˈkʊd.əv/

Perfects •Couldn't have  / ˈkʊd.ənt.əv/

Joins closely to the

negative contraction
Reduction of
“H-words”
 • Inside a sentence, the beginning
h of personal pronouns (he, him,

•Reduction  his, her) and auxiliary verbs

(have, has, had) is often dropped.
The reduced word joins closely
to the preceding word. If
it’s difficult for you to join
words together, you can
pronounce the /h/, but don’t
stress the H-words.
Examples

• He's só talktative, he talks and talks .

• If hé does, just ignore him.
• I don't care what hé says, but my sister does.
• I'm so lucky! I háven't seen him in a long time.

• She must have seen a ghost.
• She might have been fired.
• He coudn't have been fired, he's a good teacher