Phrase, Clause and

Sentence
 Presented
By
Muhammad Fahad
Malik 15091624-067

Phrase
• Group of related words
(within a sentence) that
lack subject and
predicate(verb). Phrase does not include the
• Phrase can not express subject and the verb at the
the complete idea or same time and doesn’t make
thought. a complete sense, thus;
phrase can not be a
 sentence.
Examples of
Phrase

• He is standing near a wall.

• The girl with blue eyes is my cousin. •
To become a good lawyer is my aim.

More than one phrase in a sentence

• I will meet you at 3pm, in front of the gate

in the park.
 Verb
Noun Phrase Phrase

Types of Gerund
Phrase
Phrase Adverb
Phrase

Prepositional Infinitive
Phrase Phrase

Adjective Participle
Phrase
 Phrase
Noun Phrase Verb Phrase
Verb) in the sentence.

Consists of noun & related • She is reading a

words (modifiers). It book.
functions like a noun in the • She has been
sentence reading a book for
two hours.

• The girl on the stage is

Prepositional
singing.
• The girl with blue Phrase
eyes bought a
beautiful dress.
Combination of Main Verb
and its auxiliaries (helping

Consists of Prep, object of
prep ( Noun or Pro) and
may also have
modifiers.
Group of words function
as adj. Consists of adj,
modifiers and any word
that modifies noun or pro in
the sentence.

• A girl at the corner of

• She is wearing a
the class is
beautiful dress.
Aamina.
• The boy in the red shirt
• She is singing in a
is my brother.
loud voice.

Adjective Adverb
Phrase Phrase
Group of words function as
adverb. Consist of adverb
and other words
(preposition verb , noun,
Modifiers).
Consists of infinitive (to+
first form of verb) and
modifiers (words
associated to infinitive).

• She always talks in a • She likes to eat

good way. chocolate.
• She was shouting in a • They made a plan to
loud voice. through a party.

Infinitive Gerund
Phrase Phrase
 Consists of prestent
Consists of Gerund
participle (verb+ing) and Past
(verb+ing) and modifiers or
participle (verb+ed) and
words associated with
modifiers associated to it. It
gerund. It acts as noun in
is separated by Comma and
sentence.
acts as adj.

• I like reading • The boy, begging

romantic novels. the money, is poor.
• She started learning • The book, written by Ali,
the lesson. is very
interesting.
Participle
Phrase
 Clause

Group of related words (within a sentence or

itself an independent sentence) containing
subject and the predicate (verb) both. Thus
it can express complete thought or idea.

Examples of
Clause
• I will join you at 2pm.
• The students were shouting in the
classroom.

• He invited everyone, but no one was

present there.
• I went to university and he went to
book shop because he needed a
book.

Types of
Clause
Main ClauseSubordinate Clause

Noun Adjective Adverb

Clause Clause Clause
 Main Clause

Group of words having subject and predicate,

that expresses complete thought or an idea
and can stand as a sentence. It is also called
superordinate clause, independent clause or
base clause.

• I met the boy.

• The teacher asked a question.
• He became angry.
• He is wearing a hat.

Subordinate
 Clause

Group of words having subject and predicate,

that can not express complete thought or an idea
and can never stand as a sentence. They always
depend upon main Clause, thus; they are also
called dependent clause.

• Whenever it rains, he goes for a

long drive.
• I first met her in Karachi where I
lived as a child.
Types of
Subordinate
 Clause

Noun
Clause
Dependent clause functions as a
noun. It performs same functions
like a noun in a sentence.
• On weekends, we can do whatever we
want. (functions as object of sentence)
• Those who are poor need our
help.(subject)

Adjective
Clause Dependent clause functions
as adj. It modifies a noun or as an adverb that modifies
the pronoun in the a verb, adj clause or
sentence. another adverb clause in the
sentence.

• The lady who lives • Put the hammer

across the street is
my aunt.
• The book that is on
the chair belongs to
me.
down because you
might hurt someone.
• You can achieve
anything provided
that you struggle for

Adverb it.

Clause

Dependent clause functions

 Sentence
Word or Group of words that can express a
complete idea and that includes a subject
and a predicate. It is the largest
independable unit of grammar which begin
with capital letter and ends with full stop (.),
question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!).
e.g. He laughed. She ate an apple. She
goes to school. etc.
Types of
Sentence With respect
to Structure
 1. Simple Sentence 2.
Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
4.
Complex-Compound
Sentence
1. Affirmative Sentence
2. Negative Sentence 3.
Interrogative
With respect to sentence
4. Exclamatory sentence
5. Imperative Sentences
Function
With Respect to
Structure
 Simple
Sentence
Compound
Consists of only one in Sentence
dependable clause. Having a
subject and verb which can
express complete thought. No
in-dependable clause Consists of at least two in
dependable clauses joined by
co-ordinating conjunctions
• He laughed. (for,and, but,yet). No
• He is sleeping. dependable clause.
• I brought a book
• She drank juice. • I like tea but my brother
likes coffee.
• The teacher asked the
question and the student
answered correctly..
 • She is wearing a dress which
looks nice.
• You can not pass the exam
Complex unless you study for it.
Sentence

Consists of one independent Complex

and at least one dependent
clause joined by
Compound
subordinating conjuctions Sentence
(although, since, when,
unless etc)
 went to the book shop
because he needed books.
• Although I like books, I do not
like comics but my friend
Consists of at least two loves them.
independible and one or
more dependable clauses.

• I went to University and he

With Respect to
Functions
Sentence

The sentences that shows

Affirmative positivity, validity and the
truth. Positive sentences tell
us what something is, has or
does.
• This cat is not black.
• He does not have a cat. • The
• This cat is black.
book is not lying on the table.
• He has a cat.
• The book is lying on the
table.

Negative
Sentence
A negative is defined as a
person or thing that refuses
or denies, or is undesirable,
unwanted or disliked. It
includes ‘not’.
Exclamatory
Sentence
These sentence express
strong emotions and
feelings. It ends with an
exclamatory mark (!).
 sentence is a sentence
• Oh my God! It’s so that asks a question. It
horrible! end with a question
• Hurraah! We won the mark (?).
match!

• What is this?
• Where have you been?

Interrogative
Sentence

An interrogative

Imperative
 Sentence

An imperative sentence gives

advice or instructions or
expresses a request or
command. It ends with full stop
or exclamatory mark.

• Don’t text me.

• Open the door.
• Shut up!