PEOPLING OF

AMERICA
-The American peopling
constitutes one of the most
relevant in our continent, its
dissemination gives rise to
numerous cultures, had to adapt to
the different climatic conditions,
inhospitable places, dangerous for
life, obtaining food allowed the
struggle for survival, and the
technology development
- The traditional hypothesis about the
peopling of America held that a human
group, the Clovis, crossed the Bering
Strait about 12,000 years ago.
However, today we have evidence that
there were humans before in America.

- During the Last Glacial Maximum, the

area of ​the strait was not submerged under
water. This allowed the formation of a kind
of bridge that connected the Asian
continent with the American one.
 - Thanks to the fact that there was dry land in
the area of ​the Bering Strait, a habitable region
was formed that went from the Verkhoyansk
mountain range in what is now Russia to the
Mackenzie River in what is now Canada. This
region, called Beringia, also included the
territory that is now Alaska.
- The first holds that a group of humans was trapped
in Beringia during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Later, when the ice that prevented them from
leaving Beringia melted, they were able to colonize
the American continent by land. The other
hypothesis maintains that the first Americans
populated the continent by sailing along the coast.
GUITARRERO
CAVE
-This cave would be the
oldest habitat in Peru where
man began to experiment
with the domestication of
plants. It is believed that it
would have been used as a
camp by a band of hunter-
gatherers who lived there
part of the year
experimenting with crops
and then abandoned it for a
while.
-Their main activities were hunting
and gathering. Remains of corn, chili,
bean, pumpkin, pallar, olluco, lucuma
and oca crops have been found in the
cave; stone instruments, the first that
the Andean man produced by
sculpting flakes, where a projectile
point and a knife stand out, both
bifaced corresponding to the Lithic
period. The cave has a height of 5 to
6 meters. and from 13 to 15 meters.
deep, the walls have spaces painted in
red ocher.
 THE RECUAY CULTURE
Recuay Culture, is an extension and a
modification of the Chavín culture, after
having been affected by the tradition
called White on Red. It is not about an
external influence to the Callejón de
Huaylas, but about new styles and motifs,
as well as the use of new exploitable
resources.
 THE MOCHE CULTURE
The Mochica or Moche Culture, stand out in
its ceramics considered the best of ancient
Peru, as well as in its architecture represented
in the Huaca del Sol y de la Luna, it was a
South American society, with cities, temples,
canals and farms located along the arid coast in
a narrow strip between the Pacific Ocean and
the Andes Mountains of Peru. The Mochica
culture emerged in the Early Intermediate,
between 100 and 800 D.C. developing in the
north of Peru
 THE CHAVIN CULTURE
The Chavin Culture had a great artistic expression
represented in the sculptures of its temple, the most relevant
were the Cabezas Clavas and the Monolithic Lanzón. The
archaeological site of the Chavin culture owes its name to
the culture that developed between 1200 and 400 A.C in
this high valley of the Peruvian Andes. This ancient place of
worship is one of the earliest and best-known pre-
Columbian sites. Its appearance is striking, with the
complex of terraces and squares, surrounded by carved
stone structures, and mainly the zoomorphic ornamentation.
 CULTURA WARI

The Wari culture is one of the most significant in Ancient Peru,

there are many things that we can refer to about it, since many
aspects of this civilization have left a great legacy in history.
 CULTURA CHIMU

There are beautiful temples, palaces and walls in Chan Chan, the largest
mud city in the Americas. Also noteworthy are the Huaca Arco Iris or El
Dragón in Trujillo and the Paramonga temple, north of Lima. And in
goldsmithing: They learned the techniques of the Sicán or Lambayeque
culture. They made fine jewelry, glasses, earmuffs, pectorals, bracelets,
masks, crowns and the famous tumis or ceremonial knives.
CULTURA CHACHAPOYAS

The Chachapoyas left behind great stone monuments such as

the Kuélap fortress, an entire city similar to Machu Picchu, in
addition to other buildings such as sarcophagi and
mausoleums, the most recognized being those of Carajía and
Revash, insignia of the archaeological remains of the
Chachapoyas.
 EL IMPERIO INCAICO

The Inca Empire was short-lived. In 1430, the Inca kingdom consisted of little more than the
river valley around Cusco. Less than a century later, through conquest and a clever policy of
incorporating the best features of the societies they had subjugated. The capital of the Incas,
Cusco (Qosqo), was the richest city in the entire American continent, with temples literally
covered in gold.
The tomb of Jancu and the monoliths of
the Recuay culture
 The Jancu Tomb is an
archaeological site of the Recuay
culture (200 A.D. - 600 A.D.) and
was built around 400 A.D. It is
located in the district of Huaraz in
the province of the same name in
Ancash, Peru.
It is a subway chamber tomb that was
discovered in 1969 by Javier Cotillo in
the village of Jancu, in the east of the
district, when the inhabitants of the place
were trying to move the stones of a rock
in order to build a literacy center.
Previously they had already been
partially looted. The goldsmith and
ceramic pieces discovered by Cotillo
were later transferred to the
Archaeological Museum of Ancash
"Augusto Soriano Infante" in Huaraz.
 Recuay is an
archaeological culture of
ancient Peru that
developed in the highlands
of the current Peruvian
department of Ancash
between 200 A.D. and 600
A.D. It corresponds to the
stage called Regional
Developments.
 Their main form of art
expression was through
stonework (carving and
masonry), inherited from
their predecessor, the
Chavin culture. In
addition, they made
sculptures in bulks
representing warriors with
shields or trophy-heads,
with which they
ornamented their complex
architectural
constructions.
The famous Recuay monoliths are stone
blocks of almost cylindrical shape,
apparently sculpted to represent warriors
of high rank. These have a rigid
expression, in a seated position with legs
crossed and carrying a mace, a shield or a
trophy-head. Other monoliths represent
women with long braids and dressed with
hoods or cloaks. They had an ornamental
architectural function, serving as lintels or
embedded in the walls. Numerous
examples of this lithosculpture were
collected by Father Augusto Soriano
Infante and kept in the Regional Museum
of Ancash (Huaraz).