“DIALOGO Y RECONCILIACION NACIONAL”

UNIVERSIDAD SAN JUAN BAUTISTA

INTRODUCCION
INDICE
 DEDICATORIA
I dedicate this work to God and my Parents. God,
bacuse he has been with me avery step of the way,
taking care of me and giving me strength to continue,
to my parents, who throunghout my life have watched
over my welfare and education, being my support at all
times. Trusting in every challenge that was presented
to me without hesitating a single moment in my
intelligence and ability. It is for them that I am what I
am now. I love you with my life.
 GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
Its main seat was kawachi, first city of Peru, in the proince
of Nazca, extending then by the valleys of Rio Grande,
Ingenio, Ocucaje in the Ica Valley and topara to the north of
chincha and the valley of Acarí to the south.
Nazca is a valley in the middle of the desert. There,
agricuktire flourished thanks to the construction of
numerous underground canals nd aqueducts that allowed
the rational use of underground water, springs, puquios or
the flow of rivers, in growing periods. Some of the works
continue to be used by current farmers
 GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS
The Nazca culture was developed in the Rio Grande valley in
the province of Nazca(current department of ica). At its
peak, it spread from chincha, to the south, in the province
of Caravelí(Arequipa).
This culture was discovered by Max Uhle in 1901.
Chronologically, it is located in the Early Intermediate
Period, between the year 10 a.c. until the 700s AD
 DIVISION
The history of the Nazcas can be divided into four stages:
Born early: The first Nazca communities developed in the
basin of the Rio Grande, with their own ceramics, without
foreign influences.
Nazca medio: It is the time formation of culture, under the
influence of the Paracas-Necropolis culture (now known as
topará culture). They begin the iconographic and textiles.
There is also the ceremonial and administrative center of
Cahuachi.
Late Nazca: It is a time of change, when Cahuachi is
abandoned, moving its population to another place. The
center of La Estaquería stands out. It is believed that the
Nazcas at that time established relations with the Huarpas,
a people of the sierra, near the current Ayacucho, a contact
that was of fundamental importance in the emergence of
the Huari culture.
Nazca final: It is the decline, which begins around 700 AD. C.
The causes are unknown; possibly they were due to a
combination of climatic setbacks, as there is evidence of a
retreat of the agricultural frontier, at the expense of the
desert. Another possibility is the arrival of bellicose
populations, such as the wairs.
 AGRARIAN TECHNOLOGY
The inhabitans of the Nazca culture were great farmers.
They irrigated the desert lands though shallow channls and
underground aqueducts.
They also fertilizd them to make them more fertile, in the
absence of agricultural fields bilt platforms in the foothills of
the hills.
However, what is most striking about this agricultural
technology is that it is the only one in pre-Hispanic Peru and
in the world to build aqueducts. They were true
underground roads with ventilation, where the water
circulated following different directions and still passing
under the bed of the rivers.
 ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS
The Nazca culture, discovered by Max Uhle, has four
phases: Early Nazca (Paracas influence), Middle Nazca, Late
Nazca and Nazca Fianl. Cahuachi appears in the Middle
Nazca and is the main religious center of the Nazca culture,
and occupies a large area where 31 knolls and pyramids are
found. Almost all the mounds have been built on hills or
elevations of medium size, on which superposed platforms
were built.
As for the pyramids, two stand out, the largest has a base of
110 by 90 meters and rises to a height of 20 meters. The
archaeological site of Cahuachi is oriented towards the
Pampa de San José, space where the largest number of
figures and drawings of the Nazca Lines are located.