KINDS OF

SYLLOGISM
GROUP 4
LEIZEL PAR
JOAN PODACA
ROMULO PIZARRA
ALY ESPARES
LEONARD BIBIT
 WHAT IS SYLLOGISM?

• A SYLLOGISM IS A FORM OF

DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT WHERE
THE CONCLUSION FOLLOWS FROM
THE TRUTH OF TWO (OR MORE)
PREMISES. A DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT
MOVES FROM THE GENERAL TO THE
SPECIFIC AND OPPOSES INDUCTIVE
ARGUMENTS THAT MOVE FROM THE
SPECIFIC TO THE GENERAL.
 WHAT ARE THE KINDS OF SYLLOGISM?

•  CONDITIONAL SYLLOGISM: IF A IS TRUE THEN B IS TRUE (IF A THEN B). 

• CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM: IF A IS IN C THEN B IS IN C.
•  DISJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISM: IF A IS TRUE, THEN B IS FALSE (A OR B).
 CONDITIONAL SYLLOGISM

• CONDITIONAL SYLLOGISMS- FOLLOW AN, "IF A IS TRUE, THEN B IS TRUE"

PATTERN OF LOGIC. THEY'RE OFTEN REFERRED TO AS HYPOTHETICAL
SYLLOGISMS BECAUSE THE ARGUMENTS AREN'T ALWAYS VALID. SOMETIMES
THEY'RE MERELY AN ACCEPTED TRUTH.
• EXAMPLE:
(IF KATIE IS SMART, THEN SHE WILL GET INTO A GOOD COLLEGE.)
 CATEGORAL SYLLOGISM

•  CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM IS A DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT CONSISTING OF THREE

CATEGORICAL PROPOSITIONS (TWO PREMISES AND A CONCLUSION);
COLLECTIVELY, THESE THREE PROPOSITIONS FEATURE EXACTLY THREE CLASSES;
EACH OF THE THREE CLASSES OCCURS IN EXACTLY TWO OF THE PROPOSITIONS
• EXAMPLE:
MAJOR PREMISES: ALL POLITICIANS ARE GOOD IN RHETORIC.
MINOR PREMISES: ALL COUNCILORS ARE POLITICIANS.
CONCLUSION: THEREFORE, ALL COUNCILORS ARE GOOD IN RHETORIC.
 DISJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISM
• THESE SYLLOGISM TYPES DO NOT ACTUALLY STATE
THAT A CERTAIN PREMISE (MAJOR OR MINOR) IS
CORRECT, BUT IS DOES STATES THAT ONE OF THE
PREMISES IS CORRECT. THE BASIC TYPE FOR THIS
SYLLOGISM IS: EITHER A OR B IS TRUE, BUT THEY
CAN’T BE TRUE AT THE SAME TIME.
• IF P IS TRUE OR Q IS TRUE AND P IS FALSE, THEN Q IS
TRUE. THE REASON THIS IS CALLED "DISJUNCTIVE
SYLLOGISM" IS THAT, FIRST, IT IS A SYLLOGISM, A
THREE-STEP ARGUMENT, AND SECOND, IT CONTAINS A
LOGICAL DISJUNCTION, WHICH SIMPLY MEANS AN
"OR" STATEMENT. "
• EXAMPLES:

STATEMENT P REPRESENTS, "ANN IS ON THE SOFTBALL TEAM" AND

STATEMENT Q REPRESENTS, "PAUL IS ON THE FOOTBALL TEAM.“
 THE SYMBOL IS A LOGICAL CONNECTOR WHICH MEANS "OR." THUS, THE
COMPOUND STATEMENT P Q REPRESENTS THE SENTENCE, "ANN IS ON THE
SOFTBALL TEAM OR PAUL IS ON THE FOOTBALL TEAM.