TRUTH AND OPINION

OPINION

STATE OF JUDGEMENT OF
A PERSON ABOUT
SOMETHING IN THE
WORLD.
 OPINION

SOME OPINIONS ARE SO

WEAKLY MADE
 OPINION

THEY HARDLEY SEE THE

LIGHT OF THE DAY IN
THE WORLD OF PRINT
AND DIGITAL MEDIA
 OPINION

SOME OPINIONS ARE VERY

STRONGLY PUT THAT
PEOPLE UNQUESTIONINGLY
TAKE THEM AS TRUE.
 OPINION….

STATEMENTS OF
JUDGEMENT THAT ARE IN
NEED OF FURTHER
JUSTIFICATION
 OPINION

IF THEY DO NOT PASS THE TESTS OF

JUSTIFICATION AS WE HAVE SHOWN
ABOVE, OPINIONS WILL HAVE TO BE
DEFENDED WITH BETTER REASON
TO STRENGTHEN THEM.
HOW TO CRITICALLY
EXAMINE OPINIONS
 WHOEVER MAKES THE
OPINION MUST BE ABLE
TO ARGUE FOR IT IN THE
MOST REASONABLE WAYS
WHAT IS AN ARGUMENT?

AN ARGUMENT IS A
GROUP OF STATEMENT
THAT SERVE TO SUPPORT
A CONCLUSION
 EXAMPLE

“THERE IS NO HOPE IN
THE PHILIPPINES”
 ARGUMENTS

THIS IS NOT YET AN

ARGUMENT. IT IS AN
EXPRESSION OF
OPINION
 ARGUMENTS

IF THE PERSON WANTS TO

CONVINCE ANOTHER PERSON
THAT HIS/HER OPINION IS TRUE
HE MUST PROVIDE REASONS
TO SUPPORT HIS/HER CLAIM
 EXAMPLE OF AN ARGUMENT

“THERE IS NO HOPE IN THE

PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
BECAUSE MANY OFFICIALS ARE
CORRUPT, AND FILIPINO VOTERS
CONTINUE TO ELECT THEM”.
 ARGUMENT/CLAIM
“THERE IS NO HOPE IN THE PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT

REASON A REASON B

GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS FILIPINO VOTERS

ARE CORRUPT CONTINUE TO ELECT THEM

THIS WHAT AN ARGUMENT LOOKS LIKE

 CLAIM PREMISES
(THE REASONS USED
(THE CONCLUSION OF
TO SUPPORT THE
AN ARGUMENT)
CONCLUSION)
 ARGUMENT

CLEARLY, NOT ALL

ARGUMENTS ARE GOOD
ARGUMENTS
 LOGIC

BRANCH OF PHILOSOPHY
THAT STUDIES AND
ELABORATES ON GOOD
ARGUMENTS
FALLACIES
 FALLACIES

GROUP OF STATEMENTS
THAT APPEARS TO BE
ARGUMENTS, BUT FAIL TO
SUPPORT THE CONCLUSION.
 EXAMPLE

CLAIM PREMISE
THERE IS NO HOPE BECAUE THE
IN THE PHILIPPINES IS A
PHILIPPINES TROPICAL COUNTRY
 FALLACIES

HOWEVER, FALLACY CAN

BE TRICKIER THAN THE
EXAMPLE
 FALLACIES

THEY USUALLY COME IN

THE GUISE OF WELL
ARTICULATED
ARGUMENTS
 IN SUMMARY

• OPINIONS ARE STATEMENTS OF JUDGEMENT OF A

PERSON ABOUT SOMETHING IN THE WORLD. WE
SHOULD NOT TAKE THEM AS IMMEDIATELY TRUE.
• WE SHOULD ALWAYS CRITICALLY EXAMINE THE
OPINION AND ITS SUPPORTING ARGUMENTS.
• WE SHOULD ALSO BE WARY OF STRONGLY PUT
ARGUMENTS BUT ON DEEP INTROSPECTION ARE
ACTUALLY FALLACIOUS.
 IN SUMMARY

• TO BE ABLE TO HOLD

CREDENCE OPINIONS SHOULD PASS

FURTHER JUSTIFICATION.