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IoT Communication
Protocol
LoRa and LoRaWAN
 • Define the LoRa and LoRWAN
• Know the media sharing for routing
protocol LoRa and LoRWAN
• LoRa and LoRWAN application parts
and there message
• Know the class of LoRWAN and
calculate the data rate
• Define routing strategies For
Objective L orAWA
 LoRa
is a wireless modulation technique derived from
Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) technology. It
encodes information on radio waves using chirp
pulses , LoRa modulated transmission is robust
against disturbances and can be received across
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great distances. LoRa is ideal for applications that
transmit small chunks of data with low bit rates.
Data can be transmitted at a longer range compared
to technologies like WiFi, Bluetooth or ZigBee.
What is LorA These features make LoRa well suited for sensors
and actuators that operate in low power mode
 LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN is a technology for transmitting small
amounts of data through long distances with low
energy consumption. Use cases include precision
agriculture, smart cities, remote environment mon-
itoring, infrastructure monitoring, and smart grids.
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All these applications to add picture
require measuring variables
few times a day, such as temperature, humidi-
ty, and energy usage

What is
LoRaWAN
 Regardless of the protocol used, the medium for
transferring information is the air (all IoT protocolsare
wireless). The medium must be shared between all
transmitters in such a way that wireless end-devices do
not interfere with one another.

Media sharing share the medium in different ways

 FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing)
modes  TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)
 Spread Spectrum
Application
of
LoRaWAN
 1- Gateway
• A radio on the infrastructure side
• Sometimes called a concentrator or base-station
• Communicates with end devices via LoRaWAN
• Communicates with a network sewer via TCP/IP
• Can coexist on multi-protocol base Stations
• Typically runs a software instance per gateway radio
2- Network Server (NS)
• The Network Server terminates LoRaWAN MAC layer
• for End-Devices connected to the network
• It is the centre of the star topofogy
• The Network Server decides:
- with Gateway will talk to which End Device
- - what data rates will be used by End Devices
3-Join Server (JS)
LoRaWAN • Server on the Internet Side of a Network Server • Processes join
requests from end-devices • End devices cannot be used without joining
parts a network
 Uplink Message
• Communication from end device to the network Server or application
• Received via one or more gateways
Uplink Messages received by more than one gateways are de-duplicated
by the Network Server
Downlink Message
• Communications from network server or application
• via one gateway • to a single end-device or a group of end devices
• Network Server decides which gateway is in the best Place to Send a
downlink message to a particular device.

LoRaWAN
Message
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LoRaWAN
classes
LoRaWAN
 Why is
LoRaWAN so
awesome
 Ultra low power
 · Long range
 Deep indoor penetration:
LoRaWAN networks can
provide deep indoor coverage,
and easily cover multi floor
buildings.
 License free spectrum
 Geolocation: A LoRaWAN  Roaming- LoRaWAN end
network can determine the devices can perform seamless
location of end devices using
triangulation without the need handovers from one network to
for GPS another.
 High capacity - LoRaWAN  · Low cost
Network Servers handle  Ecosystem
millions of messages from
thousands of gateways.
 End-to-end security-
LoRaWAN ensures secure
communication between the end
device
 Firmware updates over the air
routing strategies
For
L orAWA
Tree FLoodIng
topoLogy ApproAch
 A tree topology is a hierarchical network where
 Flooding is a general algorithm where all nodes
nodes can play one of at least three roles: root,
parents, and children. A different approach  play the same role in the network, and the packet
suggests creating trees, rooted at the gateway,  received is retransmitted
where each tree is a subnet using a different SF.
The method, called the Tree-Based SF Clustering
Algorithm (TSCA), assumes that the gateway can
listen to all its one-hop nodes simultaneously with
different SFs. to minimize the number of hops and
the delay.
conclusion

LoRa modulation and protocol, along with the LoRaWAN

specification has been explored. We found the LoRa and
LoRaWAN protocols to be competent and useful for IoT
applications such as an IoT weather station network,and know
the topology of application in LoRaWan consist from
getway , node and server . routing strategies For LorAWA
Tree topology and FLoodIng ApproAch also know
LoRaWAN
classes class A , class B and class C .
Refrences
Routing in LoRaWAN: Overview and Challenge
A technical overview of LoRa® and LoRaWAN
Thank you
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