TC & BSC Overview

BASIC CONCEPTS
BASIC CONCEPTS

Signaling used in BSS

The signaling channel protocols used in the BSS are:
¾ Common Channel Signalling no. 7, between the MSC and the BSC
¾ Link Access Protocol on D-channnel, LapD, between the BSC and
the BTS.
There are 2 types:
- TRX Signalling -between the BSC and the transceiver,
TRXSIG, used for telecom signalling which involves call
set-up, power control, etc.
- BCF Signalling -is used for downloading the BTS software
from the BSC to the BTS and for configuration and
monitoring

¾ LapDm, which is a modified version of LapD for use in the air interface
between the BTS and the MS.
BASIC CONCEPTS

Common Channel Signalling System No. 7

Although CCS7 was designed before the
introduction of the OSI Reference Model, and is meant
for a telecoms environment rather than a computer
system, CCS7 still has significant similarities to the OSI
Model.

OSI Reference Model CCIT Common Channel Signalling No. 7

7 Application layer
6 Presentation layer
User Part (level 4)
5 Session Layer
4 Transport layer
3 Network layer
2 Data link layer MTP (levels 1-3)
1 Physical layer
BASIC CONCEPTS

Message Transfer Part (MTP)

CCIT Common Channel Signalling No. 7

User Part (level 4)

MTP (levels 1-3)

Layer 3 – Signaling Network level – defines where to route the call

Layer 2 – Signaling Link level – defines the message structure, framing,

error correction/detection, to provide reliable transfer of signaling mssgs

Layer 1 – Signaling Data Link – defines the medium. The 64 kbps tsl is defined
as the MTP medium.
BASIC CONCEPTS
TS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
1 TCH
2 TCH
3 TCH
4 TCH
5 TCH
6 TCH
7 TCH
8 TCH
9 TCH
10 TCH
11 TCH
12 TCH
13 TCH
14 TCH
15 TCH
16 CCS7
17 TCH
18 TCH
19 TCH
20 TCH
21 TCH
22 TCH
23 TCH
24 TCH
25 TCH
26 TCH
27 TCH
28 TCH
29 TCH
30 TCH
31 TCH

64 kbps

TCSM Base Station Base Mobile

Mobile Switching Center Station
Controller Transceiver
Station
A Interface Ater Interface A-bis Air Interface
Interface

Interface Diagram
BASIC CONCEPTS

A Interface TS
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 TCH
2 TCH
3 TCH
4 TCH
The traffic channels bit rate in the A 5 TCH
TCH
interface is 64 kbps and they are
6
7 TCH
located in the timeslots 1-15 and 8
9
TCH
TCH
17-31. TSL 16 is used for the CCS7 10 TCH

signaling and its bit rate is 64 kbps

11 TCH
12 TCH
also. 13
14
TCH
TCH
15 TCH
16 CCS7
17 TCH
1 E1 = 2.048 Mbps = 32 timeslots 18
19
TCH
TCH
20 TCH
21 TCH
22 TCH
1 tsl = 2.048 Mbps/ 32 tsl = 64 kbps 23 TCH
24 TCH
25 TCH
26 TCH
27 TCH
28 TCH
29 TCH
30 TCH
31 TCH
BASIC CONCEPTS
TS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
1 TCH
2 TCH
3 TCH
4 TCH
5 TCH
6 TCH
7 TCH
8 TCH
9 TCH
10 TCH
11 TCH
12 TCH
13 TCH
14 TCH
15 TCH
16 CCS7
17 TCH
18 TCH
19 TCH
20 TCH
21 TCH
22 TCH
23 TCH
24 TCH
25 TCH
26 TCH
27 TCH
28 TCH
29 TCH
30 TCH
31 TCH

64 kbps 16 kbps

TCSM Base Station Base Mobile

Mobile Switching Center Station
Controller Transceiver
Station
A Interface Ater Interface A-bis Air Interface
Interface

Interface Diagram
BASIC CONCEPTS

Ater Interface TS
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 LAPD 1 2 3
4 5 6 7
The traffic channels bit rate in the 8 9 10 11 PCM1 = 1 E1
Ater interface is 16 kbps and they 12
-
13
17
14
18
15
19 = 30 tch
are located in the timeslots 1-15 20
24
21
25
22
26
23
27
and 17-31. TSL 16 is used for the 8 28 29 30 31

CCS7 signalling and its bit rate is 16

- 1 2 3
4 5 6 7
kbps also. 8
12
9
13
10
14
11
15 PCM2 = 1 E1
- 17 18 19 = 30 tch
By the use of SUBMULTIPLEXING on 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27
the A interface, other bits are 16 28 29 30 31

occupied -
4
1
5
2
6
3
7
8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 PCM3 = 1 E1
- 17 18 19 = 30 tch
20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27
24 28 29 30 31
25
26
27
28
CCS7 is not transcoded, only traffic 29 CCS7
30 CCS7
channels 31 CCS7
TRANSCODER SUBMULTIPLEXER
(TCSM)
TCSM

Nokia DX200 TCSM2E

¾ Considered as part of the BSS

¾ Normally at the MSC site

¾ Used for converting the bit rate of

traffic channels between 64 and 16 kbps
¾ Speech activity detection
¾ Interfaces to the MSC / BSC
TCSM

TCSM2E Block Diagram

TCSM

TCSM2E and Interfaces

1 E1= 2 Mbps
TCSM

Question ?

What is the reason why the Trancoder is co-located at the

MSC?

Answer

To save on transmission facility.

TCSM
TC1C Cartridge ET2E Cartridge
TCSM RACK

¾ Composed of : ¾ Composed of :
-TRCO – Transcoder Controller -ET2E – Exchange Terminal
-acts as the “BRAIN” -external 2 Mb interface
- master unit
- supervision of other
unit
- synchronization
- opn & maintenance

- TR16 – contains the DSP

- used for speech
coding & transcoding functions
TCSM
TC1C Cartridge ET2E Cartridge
TCSM RACK

¾ Composed of : ¾ Composed of :
-TRCO – Transcoder Controller -ET2E – Exchange Terminal
- 1 card/ cartridge - 8 cards/cartridge
--1 ET card = 2 E1
- TR16 – 14 cards / cartridge (half rate)
or 8 cards/ cartridge (full rate)
- 1 TR16 = 16 TCH
- 1 PCM link = 30 tch
= 2 TR16
- 7 PCM links for half rate
- 4 PCM links for full rate
TCSM

TCSM2E Unit
TCSM

TC1C Cartridge
TCSM

ET2E Cartridge
to BSC
Ater
A
to MSC Half rate – to
1 A = 1 E1 MSC, not being
used
TCSM

Maximum Capacity of TCSM Rack

4 ET1TC = 4 * 8 (ET2E) = 32 ET2E * 2

= 64 E1
TCSM

TCSM2E Rack Equipping

DX200 Platform
¾ 8 Cartridges TC1C
¾ 4 Cartridges ET1TC

Unit Capacity
¾ max 120 Full Rate TCH in 1 module
¾ max 240 Half Rate TCH in 1 module

Rack Capacity
¾ max 960 Full Rate TCH
¾ max 1920 Half Rate TCH
BASE STATION CONTROLLER
(BSC)
BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC Functions:
¾Configuration and management of the radio resources
¾Handover Management
¾Frequency Hopping Management
¾Signaling between the MSC-BSC and BSC-BTS
¾Terrestrial Channel Management
¾Interfaces
¾Encryption Management
¾Operation and Maintenance

BSC Functions in GPRS:

¾Manage GPRS specific radio network configuration
¾Control access to GPRS radio resources
¾Share radio resources between GPRS and circuit switched
use
¾Handle signaling between the MS, BTS and SGSN
¾Transfer GPRS data
BASE STATION CONTROLLER

Block Diagram of the BSC

The BSC applications are based on a modular software (SW) and hardware
(HW) structure. The distributed architecture of the BSC is implemented by a
multi-processor system. In a multiprocessor system, the data processing
capacity is divided among several computer units (that is, functional units,
FU), each of which has its own microcomputer
BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC Functional Units

Group Switch (GSWB) Clock and Synchronization
- used for switching Unit (CLS),
speech and data, - generates the clock
an optional Packet Control signals for the BSC
Unit (PCU) handles
packet control functions Base Station Controller
in the BSC and is incl Signalling Unit (BCSU)
in every BCSU when
GPRS service is imple- - handles the BSC
Mented(3i) signalling functions,
bsc to msc, CCS7,
Marker and Cellular bsc to bts, LapD
Management Unit
(MCMU) Exchange Terminals (ET)
-controls & supervises -connect transmission
GSWB, also used for HO systems to the GSWB
Operation and Maintenance Message Bus (MB)
Unit (OMU) -interconnects the
-serves as an interface call control computers
between the user & BSC and the OMU
BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC2i rack

The standard configuration of DX 200

BSC2i applications is a two-rack
configuration consisting of one Base
Station Controller Basic Equipment
rack (BCBE) and one Base Station
Controller Extension Equipment rack
(BCEE), used for additional capacity of
BCSU.
BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC3i rack BSC 3i

GSW B
F0:
F1:
F2: SW64B
GSWB0 GSWB1 CLOC BCSU6
F3: SW64B
F4: SW64B
F5: SW64B
F6: PSC1-S
F2-F5:SWBUS4

CLOC
F0: CL3TG
F3: CL3TG
M CMU0 MCM U1 OMU

MCMU
F1: PSC1-S
F2: ESB20
F3: ESB20
F4: SWCOP-A
F5: M BIF-B
F6: MBIF-B
F7: CP710-A
F7: M R256M FTRB 0 FTRB 1

BCSU0 BCSU1 BCSU2

OMU
F1: PSC6-A
F2:
F3: AS7-B
F4: AS7-B/
AC25-A
F5:
F6: SERO-A
F7: HWAT-A
F8: MBIF-B BCSU3 BCSU4 BCSU5
F9: MBIF-B
F10: CP710-A
F10: M R256M
F12: ODPU-A
F12: MO91
F13: HDPU-A
F13: WDW18-S/
WDW36
F14: HDPU-A
F14: WDW18-S/
WDW36 FTRB 0 FTRB 1

ET 4C 0 ET 4C 1

BCSU
F1: PSC6-A
F2:
F3: AS7-B
F4: AS7-B
F5: AS7-B
F6: PCU
F7:
F8: MBIF-B
F9: MBIF-B
F10: CP710-A
F10: M R256M
BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC Functional Units Diagram

BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC Cartridge
Base Station Controller Signaling Unit
BCSU - Provides CCS7/LAPD signaling
management.

PIUs:

MBIF (Message Bus Interface) – a bidirectional

interface between computer units

AS7 – performs the functions associated with the

control, supervision and message transmission of
CCS7 and LapD

PCU (Packet Control Unit) – performs all data

processing tasks that are related to the GPRS
traffic. It implements Gb interfaces in the BSC.

PSC (Power Supply for Cartridge) – supplies and

regulates the voltage needed by the units.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) – for call control

and supervision of the trunk circuit traffic.

Redundancy: N+1
BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC Cartridge
Group Switch

GSW - Connects and releases the connections

Redundancy: 2N
BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC Cartridge
Marker and Cellular Management Unit

MCMU – management of the radio network,

controls the GSW and “Central Memory” function.

PIUs:

MBIF (Message Bus Interface) – a bidirectional

interface between computer units

SWCOP – controls the GSW via control bus

PSC (Power Supply for Cartridge) – supplies and

regulates the voltage needed by the units.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) – controls the radio

network by ending and receiving signaling data
from the BCSU via MB. Also controls the SWCOP.

Redundancy: 2N
BASE STATION CONTROLLER
BSC Cartridge
Operation and Maintenance Unit
OMU – controls the operations of the BSC,
monitors the operation of BTS and TC, provides
interface to the OMC.
PIUs:
SERO – serial interface used to connect peripheral
equipment (video terminal, printer, modem)
AS7 – handles the Q1 link for transcoder and X.25
link
MBIF (Message Bus Interface) – a bidirectional
interface between computer units
HWAT (Hardware Alarm Terminal) – conveys the
hardware alarms to the OMU. Receives the
internal alarms of the BSC and provides the
interfaces for the external alarms
PSC (Power Supply for Cartridge) – supplies and
regulates the voltage needed by the units.
CPU (Central Processing Unit) – controls and
supervises the interfaces of the OMU and performs
the required automatic recovery functions on the
basis of the collected fault data.
BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC Cartridge
Exchange Terminal
ET – provides 2Mbps interfaces and clock signal
to CLS.

No redundancy.
BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC Cartridge
Clock and Synchronization Unit

CLS – distributes timing reference signals to the

functional units of the BSC.

Redundancy: 2N

CLS_BSC2i
BASE STATION CONTROLLER

Comparison
Comparison between
between BSC2i
BSC2i &
& BSC3i
BSC3i

BSC Configuration (S10.5) BSC2i BSC3i

No. of BCSU 8+1 6+1
Maximum radio network Configuration 512 TRX 660 TRX
Maximum number of TCHs 512 880
Maximum number of BHCA 91,000 117,000
Maximum Erlang Capacity 3040 3920
Max. TRX LAPD links pr BCSU 64 110
Number of racks in maximum configuration 2 1
CPU Type 500 MHz 800 MHz
External PCMs up to 144 124
Max power consumption per TRX 2.9 W 2.7 W
Weight 400 kg 350 kg
THANK YOU