Laws of Motion

Lecture 4B
 Review:
Newton’s Laws of Motion
The Three Laws of Motion are:
1. First Law of Motion – “Law of Inertia”
States that “In the absence of external forces and when viewed from an inertial
reference frame, an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion continues in
motion with a constant velocity (that is, with a constant speed in a straight line).”

2. Second Law of Motion – “Law of Acceleration”

States that “If the resultant force on the particle is not zero, the particle experiences
an acceleration in the same direction as the resultant force. This acceleration has a
magnitude proportional to the resultant force.”
The Three Laws of Motion are:
3. Third Law of Motion – “Law of Interaction”
States that “Mutual forces of action and reaction between two particles are equal,
opposite, and collinear.”
In other words,

 
F12  F21
Applying Newton’s Laws
The following procedure is recommended when dealing with problems involving
Newton’s laws:
1. Draw a simple, neat diagram of the system to help conceptualize the problem.
2. Categorize the problem: if any acceleration component is zero, the particle is in
equilibrium in this direction and . If not, the particle is undergoing an
acceleration, the problem is one of nonequilibrium in this direction, and .
3. Draw a free-body diagram. For systems containing more than one object, draw
separate free-body diagrams for each object.
4. Establish convenient coordinate axes for each object and find the components of
the forces along these axes. Apply Newton’s second law, , in component form.
Check your dimensions to make sure that all terms have units of force.
Applying Newton’s Laws
The following procedure is recommended when dealing with problems involving
Newton’s laws:
5. Solve the component equations for the unknowns. Remember that you must
have as many independent equations as you have unknowns to obtain a complete
solution.
6. Finalize by making sure your results are consistent with the free-body diagram.
Also check the predictions of your solutions for extreme values of the variables.
By doing so, you can often detect errors in your results.
Guidelines on Drawing the FBD:
1. Sketch the object with all supports and applied forces removed.
2. All applied forces are drawn and labeled. The Weight of the body is
considered as applied force drawn from the center of gravity.
3. All support reactions such as Tension Force, Normal Force, and
Friction Force are drawn and labeled. If the sense of reaction is
unknown, it should be assumed. Resulting values will be (+) if
assumed direction is correct; (-) opposite direction
4. All relevant angles and dimension are shown on the sketch.
Analysis of Particles Under
a Net Force
 
 F  ma
∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∑ 𝐹 𝑦=𝑚𝑎𝑦 ∑ 𝐹 𝑧 =𝑚𝑎𝑧
Example 1
A person weighs a 5 kg fish on an elevator. If the elevator moves with an
acceleration ay = 2.00 m/, determine the reading on the weighing scale if the scale
is calibrated in Newtons. 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
m  = 5 kg
a y   =  2.00  m / 𝑠 2

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑇h𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑡h𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑇
Elevator   moving   up : a y   = + 2.00  m / 𝑠 2

∑ 𝐹 𝑦=𝑚𝑎𝑦 ;
𝑇 −𝑚𝑔=𝑚 𝑎 𝑦
𝑇 =𝑚 𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑚𝑔
𝑇 =( 5 𝑘𝑔 ) ( 2 m / 𝑠 2 ) + ( 5 𝑘𝑔 ) ( 9.8 m / 𝑠 2 )

𝑇 =59 𝑁
Example 1
A person weighs a 5 kg fish on an elevator. If the elevator moves with an
acceleration ay = 2.00 m/, determine the reading on the weighing scale if the scale
is calibrated in Newtons. 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
m  = 5 kg
a y   =  2.00  m / 𝑠 2

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑇h𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑡h𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑇
Elevator   moving  down : a y   = − 2.00  m / 𝑠 2

∑ 𝐹 𝑦=𝑚𝑎𝑦 ;
𝑇 −𝑚𝑔=𝑚 𝑎 𝑦
𝑇 =𝑚 𝑎 𝑦 + 𝑚𝑔
𝑇 =( 5 𝑘𝑔 ) ( −2 m / 𝑠2 ) + ( 5 𝑘𝑔 ) ( 9.8 m / 𝑠2 )

𝑇 =39 𝑁
Example 2
Two forces and act on a 5.00-kg object. If 20 N and 15 N, find the
acceleration of the object shown in the figure.
𝑦
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
𝑥 F 1 = 20 𝑁 m  = 5 𝑘𝑔
F 2  = 15 𝑁

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =𝑚𝑎𝑥 ;
𝐹 1 + 𝐹 2 cos 60 °=5 𝑎𝑥
∑ 𝐹 𝑦=𝑚𝑎𝑦 ;
𝐹 2 sin 60 ° =5 𝑎 𝑦
2 0+1 5 cos 60 ° =5 𝑎 𝑥 15 sin 60 °=5 𝑎 𝑦
20+15 cos 60 ° 15 sin 60 °
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑦=
5 5
𝑎 𝑥 =5.5 𝑚 / 𝑠 2 𝑎 𝑦 =2.6 𝑚/ 𝑠 2
Example 2
Two forces and act on a 5.00-kg object. If 20 N and 15 N, find the
acceleration of the object shown in the figure.
𝑦
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
𝑥 F 1 = 20 𝑁 m  = 5 𝑘𝑔
F 2  = 15 𝑁

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑎=5.5 𝑖+2.6 𝑗 𝑚 / 𝑠 2 −1 2.6
𝜃 =tan
5.5
𝑎= √ 5.5 2+2.6 2 𝑚 / 𝑠 2
𝑎=6.08 𝑚 / 𝑠 2
𝜃=25.3 °

∴ 𝑎=6.08 𝑚/ 𝑠2 𝑎𝑡 25.3 °
Example 3
The 2 kg block is given an initial velocity of 7 m/s up the incline making an angle
of 20˚ with the horizontal. How far up the incline does the block slide before coming to
rest. Use
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘: ∑ 𝐹 𝑦=0;
𝑁 𝑣 𝑁 −𝑊 𝑦 =0
𝑁 =𝑊 𝑦
𝑁 =𝑊 cos 20°

20° 𝑁 =( 2 ) ( 9.8 ) cos 20°

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: 𝑓k
∆ 𝑥 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑣 f  =  0 𝑁 =18.42 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠
m  = 2𝑘𝑔
𝑊 𝑊y
𝜃  = 20°
𝜇 k  = 0.2 𝑦
𝑊x
𝑣 i  = 7𝑚/𝑠 𝑥
Example 3
The 2 kg block is given an initial velocity of 7 m/s up the incline making an angle
of 20˚ with the horizontal. How far up the incline does the block slide before coming to
rest. Use
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘: ∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =𝑚𝑎𝑥 ;
− 𝑓 𝑘 −𝑊 𝑥 =𝑚 𝑎𝑥
𝑁 𝑣
−0.2 𝑁 −𝑊 sin 20 °=𝑚 𝑎 𝑥
−0.2 ( 18.42 ) − ( 2 ) ( 9.8 ) sin 20 ° =2 𝑎 𝑥

20° − 0.2 ( 18.42 ) − ( 2 )( 9.8 ) sin 20 °

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: 𝑓k 𝑎𝑥=
2
m  = 2𝑘𝑔 ∆ 𝑥 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑣 f  =  0
𝑎 𝑥 =− 5.19 𝑚/ 𝑠 2
𝑊 𝑊y
𝜃  = 20°
𝜇 k  = 0.2 𝑦
𝑊x
𝑣 i  = 7𝑚/𝑠 𝑥
Example 3
The 2 kg block is given an initial velocity of 7 m/s up the incline making an angle
of 20˚ with the horizontal. How far up the incline does the block slide before coming to
rest. Use
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘: 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑁 𝑣 𝑣 𝑓 2=𝑣 𝑖 2+2 𝑎 ∆ 𝑥

0 2=7 2+2 ( −5.19 ) ∆ 𝑥

72
∆ 𝑥=
𝑓k 20° 2 ( 5.19 )
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑:
m  = 2𝑘𝑔 ∆ 𝑥 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑣 f  =  0 ∆ 𝑥=4.72𝑚
𝑊 𝑊y
𝜃  = 20°
𝜇 k  = 0.2 𝑦
𝑊x
𝑣 i  = 7𝑚/𝑠 𝑥
Example 4
Three blocks are in contact with each other on a frictionless, horizontal surface, as in the figure.
A horizontal force F is applied to . Take , , , and . Draw a separate free-body diagram for each block
and find (a) the acceleration of the blocks, (b) the resultant force on each block, and (c) the
magnitudes of the contact forces between the blocks
𝑎
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
( 𝑎 ) 𝑇h𝑒 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡h 𝑡h𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎

∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =𝑚𝑎𝑥 ;
𝐹   = ( 𝑚 1+𝑚 2+𝑚 3 ) 𝑎 𝑥
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: 18  = ( 2+3+ 4 ) 𝑎 𝑥
𝑚1  = 2𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑎 ) 𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠
18
𝑚2 = 3𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑏 ) 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑎𝑥   =
( 2+ 3+4 )
𝑚3 = 4 𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑐 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎 𝑥   =  a  = 2 𝑚/ 𝑠 2
𝐹  = 18 𝑁
Example 4
Three blocks are in contact with each other on a frictionless, horizontal surface, as in the figure.
A horizontal force F is applied to . Take , , , and . Draw a separate free-body diagram for each block
and find (a) the acceleration of the blocks, (b) the resultant force on each block, and (c) the
magnitudes of the contact forces between the blocks
𝑎
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝑊h𝑒𝑟𝑒 :
∴∑ 𝐹  = ∑ 𝐹 𝑥=𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑎 𝑥 =  𝑎=2𝑚 / 𝑠 2

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: 𝑇h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 :

𝑚1  = 2𝑘𝑔
𝑚2 = 3𝑘𝑔
( 𝑎 ) 𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠
( 𝑏 ) 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 ∑ 𝐹 1=𝑚1 𝑎=2 (2) =4 𝑁
𝑚3 = 4 𝑘𝑔
𝐹  = 18 𝑁
( 𝑐 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠
∑ 𝐹 2=𝑚2𝑎=3 (2)= 6𝑁
∑ 𝐹 3=𝑚3 𝑎=4 (2) =8𝑁
Example 4
Three blocks are in contact with each other on a frictionless, horizontal surface, as in the figure.
A horizontal force F is applied to . Take , , , and . Draw a separate free-body diagram for each block
and find (a) the acceleration of the blocks, (b) the resultant force on each block, and (c) the
magnitudes of the contact forces between the blocks
𝑎
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
( 𝑐 ) 𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘
𝑁1 𝑁2

𝑃 𝑃 𝑄
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑:
𝑚1  = 2𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑎 ) 𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠 𝑊1 𝑁3
𝑚2 = 3𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑏 ) 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑊2
𝑚3 = 4 𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑐 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑄
𝐹  = 18 𝑁

𝑊3
Example 4
Three blocks are in contact with each other on a frictionless, horizontal surface, as in the figure.
A horizontal force F is applied to . Take , , , and . Draw a separate free-body diagram for each block
and find (a) the acceleration of the blocks, (b) the resultant force on each block, and (c) the
magnitudes of the contact forces between the blocks
𝑎
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
( 𝑐 ) 𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘
𝑁1
∑ 𝐹 1=𝑚1 𝑎
𝐹 − 𝑃 =4
𝑃 18 − 𝑃=4
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑:
𝑚1  = 2𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑎 ) 𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠 𝑃=14 𝑁
𝑊1
𝑚2 = 3𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑏 ) 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘
𝑚3 = 4 𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑐 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝐹  = 18 𝑁
Example 4
Three blocks are in contact with each other on a frictionless, horizontal surface, as in the figure.
A horizontal force F is applied to . Take , , , and . Draw a separate free-body diagram for each block
and find (a) the acceleration of the blocks, (b) the resultant force on each block, and (c) the
magnitudes of the contact forces between the blocks
𝑎
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
( 𝑐 ) 𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘
𝑁2
∑ 𝐹 2=𝑚2𝑎
𝑃 − 𝑄=6
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: 14 −𝑄=6 𝑃 𝑄
𝑚1  = 2𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑎 ) 𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠
𝑄=8 𝑁
𝑚2 = 3𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑏 ) 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐h 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑊2
𝑚3 = 4 𝑘𝑔 ( 𝑐 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝐹  = 18 𝑁
Example 5
Two objects are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley,
as shown in the figure. Draw free-body diagrams of both objects. If the incline is
frictionless and if , , and , find (a) the accelerations of the objects, (b) the tension in
the string, and (c) the speed of each object 2.00 s after being released from rest.

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑚1  = 2 𝑘𝑔 𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓𝑚1: 𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓𝑚2:
𝑚2 = 6𝑘𝑔 𝑇
𝑇 𝑁
𝜃  = 55°
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: 𝑊y
( 𝑎 ) 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑊1

𝑦
( 𝑏 ) 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑊x
𝑊2
( 𝑐 ) 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 =2 𝑠

𝑥
Example 5
Two objects are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley,
as shown in the figure. Draw free-body diagrams of both objects. If the incline is
frictionless and if , , and , find (a) the accelerations of the objects, (b) the tension in
the string, and (c) the speed of each object 2.00 s after being released from rest.
Both and will have the same
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: acceleration
𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓𝑚1:
∑ 𝐹=𝑚1𝑎
𝑚1  = 2 𝑘𝑔
𝑚2 = 6𝑘𝑔 𝑇
𝜃  = 55° 𝑇 −𝑚 1 𝑔=𝑚1 𝑎

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: 𝑇 − 2 ( 9.8 )=2𝑎

( 𝑎 ) 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑊1 𝑇 − 2𝑎=2 ( 9.8 )
( 𝑏 ) 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑇 − 2𝑎=19.6 1
( 𝑐 ) 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 =2 𝑠
Example 5
Two objects are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley,
as shown in the figure. Draw free-body diagrams of both objects. If the incline is
frictionless and if , , and , find (a) the accelerations of the objects, (b) the tension in
the string, and (c) the speed of each object 2.00 s after being released from rest.
Surface is frictionless, thus y
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: component of the forces does
not affect motion of
𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓𝑚2:
∑ 𝐹 𝑥 =𝑚2 𝑎;
𝑚1  = 2 𝑘𝑔
𝑚2 = 6𝑘𝑔
𝑇 𝑁
𝜃  = 55° −𝑇 +𝑊 𝑥 =𝑚2 𝑎

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: −𝑇 +6 ( 9.8 ) sin 55 ° =6 𝑎

𝑊y
( 𝑎 ) 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑇 +6 𝑎=6 ( 9.8 ) sin 55 ° 2

𝑦
( 𝑏 ) 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑊x
𝑊2
( 𝑐 ) 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 =2 𝑠

𝑥
Example 5
Two objects are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley,
as shown in the figure. Draw free-body diagrams of both objects. If the incline is
frictionless and if , , and , find (a) the accelerations of the objects, (b) the tension in
the string, and (c) the speed of each object 2.00 s after being released from rest.
Solving eqn. 1 and 2
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: simultaneously:
𝑚1  = 2 𝑘𝑔 𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓𝑚2:
𝑚2 = 6𝑘𝑔 𝑇 =26.7 𝑁
𝑇 𝑁
𝜃  = 55° 𝑎=3.57 𝑚 / 𝑠 2
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: 𝑊y
( 𝑎 ) 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑦
( 𝑏 ) 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑊x
𝑊2
( 𝑐 ) 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 =2 𝑠

𝑥
Example 5
Two objects are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley,
as shown in the figure. Draw free-body diagrams of both objects. If the incline is
frictionless and if , , and , find (a) the accelerations of the objects, (b) the tension in
the string, and (c) the speed of each object 2.00 s after being released from rest.
Applying kinematic equation
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: to solve for speed at t=2s:
𝑚1  = 2 𝑘𝑔 𝐹𝐵𝐷 𝑜𝑓𝑚2:
𝑚2 = 6𝑘𝑔 𝑣=𝑣 𝑖+ 𝑎𝑡
𝑇 𝑁
𝜃  = 55° 𝑣= 0+ ( 3.57 ) ( 2 )
𝑣=7.14 𝑚/ 𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑: 𝑊y
( 𝑎 ) 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑦
( 𝑏 ) 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑊x
𝑊2
( 𝑐 ) 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 =2 𝑠

𝑥
OPENING PRAYER