READING VS.

WRITING
•Define reading and writing
•Determine the skills in reading
and reading and writing strategies
•Illustrate the concepts in reading
and writing through a matrix.
•Writing is a medium of
human language and
communication that
represents emotion with
signs and symbols.
•In most languages, writing is a
compliment to speech or spoken
language.
•Writing is not a language but a
tool developed by a human
society within a language
system.
•Writing relies on many of the
same structure of a speech
such as vocabulary, grammar
and semantic with the other
dependency of a system of
signs and symbols.
WRITING STRATEGIES

•Brainstorming
•Free writing
•Clustering/Mapping
•Outlining
•Brainstorming is one of the better
and more popular methods of
discovering your writing topic. All you
need to do is begin at the top of a
sheet of paper and list down
everything that comes into your mind
as fast as you can for a certain
Clustering or Mapping another technique you can use to
find for your writing topic. Start by writing a word or
phrase at center of the page of a sheet of paper and
encircle it, this becomes your main topic. Then think of
other words or phrases related to the main topic, write
them down, encircle them and draw lines connecting
them to the main topic, these become your sub-topics.
From there you can branch off the subtopics with other
supporting ideas or you can think of new topics related
again to the main topic.
• Free writing uses the force of narration to
draw a stream of connected ideas out of
the writer’s mind. Free writing is writing
down your thoughts nonstop in the exact
order, language and form in that you
think them.The good thing about this pre-
writing strategy is that it maintains some
coherence between a writer’s thoughts
•Outlining is a tool we use in the
writing process to help organize our
ideas visualize our paper’s potential
structure and to further flesh out and
develop points. An outline provides
the writer with a space to consider
ideas easily without needing to write
complete paragraphs or sentences.
•The result of writing
is a text and the
recipient of the text
is called the reader.
•Reading is a cognitive
process of decoding
symbols to derive meaning
from a text. It is always an
interaction between the
text/author and the reader.
• Weread to gain and
share information and
ideas whether for
academic, personal or
professional purposes.
• It is also a skill that can
be improved through
consistent practice. In
order to comprehend a text
we apply many skills while
we read simultaneously.
•1. Identifying the author’s
purpose
•2. Grasping the main ideas of the
text
•3. Locating important details
•4. Using context clues to
understand unfamiliar words
•5. Answering specific
questions
•6. Analyzing the text’s
points
•7. Critiquing the text.
READING STRATEGIES
•Whenever you want to get the gist
of the text’s content:
•Getting an Overview of the text
1. Previewing looking at the
readily visible parts of the text(titles
subtitles, visuals and graphs,
pictures and charts)
• It helps you familiarize the
contents of the selection and
focus on the important
information in the text.
•To preview the text properly, first
identify your purpose for reading
next, examine the titles and
subtitles of the text. Afterward,
browse the introduction and the
conclusion of the text. Finally, look
at the visual elements of the text.
•2. Skimming and Scanning
•Skimming look for the
main point of the reading
and identify the ideas that
developed it.
•Skimming effectively means physically
moving your eyes rapidly along the
page and tracing your finger along the
lines of the text to speed up your
reading. This skill also involves quickly
going through beginning and concluding
sentences of paragraphs because these
usually talk about the topic of the text
•Scanning is looking for specific
information. To scan the text
effectively, you need to have
an idea of the details you are
looking for.
The instructions of your teacher or
questions about the text may help you in
knowing what to scan for. This strategy
involves physically moving your eyes
quickly along the lines of the text. You do
not have to read every word; just read
until you locate the details you are
searching for.
•Scanning the text is
specially useful when
doing research and
taking examinations.
•Using Context Clues
•Context clues are words or phrases
and sentences that surround an
unfamiliar words that can help you
recognize the meaning of an
unknown word because the text
gives you information about it.
COMMON TYPES OF
CONTEXT CLUES
•1.Synonyms are used when the text has
words or phrases that are similar meaning
to the unknown word.
Example: Humpty dumpty took great
pleasure in obfuscating the poem’s meaning
for Alice. His explanations about the poem
were confusing and complicated.
•2.Antonyms a word that reveals
the opposite meaning in relation
to the unknown word. (signal
words like although, but,
despite, instead, in contrast,
unlike, however, even though,
on the contrary and conversely)
•example: The boy in the poem
surreptitiously set out to find the
monster. He did not tell anyone.
•3. Examples are specific details
in a text that are used to clarify
the meaning of a word.
• Example: Only a few weapons are nifty
in hunting monsters like vorpal sword.
• 4. Explanations and Definitions
• Explanations may be given as clues to
describe an unknown term ( when
phrases like “because’ or “that is” follow
a word these may be explanations)
•Definitions ( terms are
found like “is” “means” “
is defined as” and
“refers to” are used with
definitions.
•Using Connotation and Denotation
are two ways of describing the
meaning of a word.
5.Situations- the situation on which
a word is used can also be helpful
in determining the meaning of that
word.
•The meaning of a word may
change depending on its context
or how and where it is used.
Example: The heroes conquest of
the Jabberwack is an exemplary
case of bravery.
•Denotation is the basic, precise,
literal meaning of a word that can
be found in the dictionary.
•Connotation is the positive ,
negative or neutral feelings,
attitudes or associations with a
word.
•These shades of meaning are affected
by social overtones, emotional
meanings or cultural implications.
Example: Father
Denotation- a male parent
Connotation-association, positive
feelings- Love and respect
ILLUSTRATE THE CONCEPTS OF READING
AND WRITING IN THE MATRIX BELOW

Definition
Concepts Features Strategies

Reading

Writing
•Thank you for
Listening !!!!!!