WHAT IS READING?

• Reading is a cognitive process of decoding symbols

to derive meaning from a text. It is always an
interaction between the text and the reader.
• We read to gain and share information and ideas,
whether for academic, personal, or professional
purposes.
• Reading is also a skill that can be improved
through consistent practice. In order to
comprehend the text, we apply many skills
simultaneously while we read.
 APPLYING EFFECTIVE READING
STRATEGIES

• While reading our previous selection, you must have

felt confused because there were many words that
you did not understand. You might have though that
the piece you were reading was nonsensical.
Some reading strategies that you can use to
increase your understanding of the text.

Getting an overview of the text

At times, it may be a good idea to survey the text as a
whole before delving deeper into each part.
Whenever you want to get the gist of the text’s content,
you use previewing, skimming, and scanning.
1. PREVIEWING

• Previewing means looking at the readily visible parts

of the text, like titles and subtitles, and also visuals
and graphs, pictures, and charts.
• Previewing helps familiarize you with the contents of
the selection and focus on the important information
in the text.
 How do we preview the text properly?

• To preview the text properly, first identify your

purpose for reading. Next, examine the titles and
subtitles of the text. Afterward, browse the
introduction and conclusion of the text. Finally, look
at the visual elements of the text.
2. SKIMMING

• Skimming the text means you look for the main point
of the reading and identifies the ideas that develop it.
• Skimming effectively means physically moving your
eyes rapidly along the page and tracing your finger
along the lines of the text to speed up your reading.
3. SCANNING

• Scanning the reading is looking for specific

information.
• To scan the text effectively, you need to have an idea
of the details you are looking for. The instructions of
the teacher or questions about the text may help you
in knowing what you scan for.
• This strategy also involves physically moving your
eyes quickly along the lines of the text. You do not
have to read every word; just read until you locate the
details you are searching for.
Using Context Clues
It is one technique to improve your reading
comprehension and reading pace.
WHAT ARE CONTEXT CLUES?

Context clues are words, phrases, and sentences that

surround an unfamiliar word that can help you
recognize the meaning of an unknown word because
the text gives you information about it.
The most common types of context clues are
the following:

1. Synonyms
Synonyms are used when the text has words or
phrases that are similar in meaning to the unknown
word.
Synonym clues may be signaled by the following
words: ”like” or “as”
• Examples:
a. Humpy dumpty took great pleasure on obfuscating the
poem’s meaning. His explanations about the poem
were confusing and complicated.
b. Alice envisaged the Jabberwolk in mind. She imagined
it’s sharp
c. The narrator in the poem was euphoric at his son’s
victory, for he cried out triumphantly when the boy
camehome
2. Antonyms
An antonym is a word that reveals the opposite
meaning in relation to the unknown word.
When you see words like “although”, “but”, “despite”,
“instead”, “in contrast”, “unlike”, “however”, “even
though”, “on the contrary”, and “conversely”, these
usually precede antonyms because these are used to
show contrasting ideas.
• Examples:
a. the Jabberwock was relentlessly pursued by the
boy, unlike the others who gave up easily when they
heard how terrifying the creature was.
b. The hero in the poem did not give In to trepidation;
rather , he bravely slayed the Jabberwock with his
sword.
3. Examples
Examples are specific details in a text that are used to
clarify the meaning of a word.
Examples:
a. There are many eccentric creatures in the forest, such
as mome raths and borogoves.
b. Only a few weapons are truly nifty in hunting monsters,
like the vorpal sword.
4. Explanations and definitions
 Explanations maybe in given as clues to describe an
unknown term. When phrases like “because” or “that
is” followed by a word, these maybe explanations.
 Definitions may follow an unfamiliar word. Terms like
“is”, “means”, “is defined as”, and “refers to” are
used with definition.
• Examples:
a. Hearing someone “outgrabe” – which means he is
whistling, bellowing, and sneezing all at once – can
be a funny sight.
b. Alice thought that “toves” were curious creatures,
since they were part-badger, part-lizard, and part
corkscrew.
5. Situations
The situation in which a word is used can also be
helpful in determining the meaning of that word. The
meaning of a word may change depending on its
context, or how and where it is used.
• Examples:
a. The boy wondered if he should have brought some
back up, in case he could not take on the
Jabberwock by myself.
b. The hero is lucky that the murderer of the
Jabberwock does not merit a case in court.