WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

ENGLISH– READING GRADE

AND WRITING SKILLS 11

4
LEARNING QUARTER

MODULE WEEK 1

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 MODULE IN
READING AND WRITING SKILLS

QUARTER 4
WEEK 1

Hypertext and Intertext

Development Team
Writer: Julianne Grace B. Bugaoisan
Editor: Anna Liza A. Arreola
Reviewer: Adelyn C. Domingo
Illustrator: Ronie P. Fiesta
Layout Artist: Ronie P. Fiesta
Management Team: Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola
Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao
Adelyn C. Domingo

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 What I Need to Know

Welcome to another learning material designed and written for you. Primarily, this
material aims to help you become a critical reader by learning hypertext and intertext. Being
a critical reader means advancing your understanding on the different types of text. Knowing
the basics of various texts, equips in becoming a 21st Century learner.

Have fun going through the various activities found in this module while improving
your skill in learning. Enjoy!

MELCS:
Identify the context on which a text is developed using hypertext and intertext.

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this modules, you are expected to:
1. define hypertext and intertext;
2. differentiate hypertext and intertext; and
3. identify the context on which a text is developed.

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 What Know

Pre-Test. Before exploring this material, try your best to answer the following items and see
if you have background knowledge about the topics we shall be discussing.

Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully. Select the best answer from the choices
given. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which among the following BEST defines hypertext?

A. Hypertext is a way of representing text about a topic where other topics can be
linked.
B. Hypertext is a method of storing data through a computer program that allows a
user to create and link fields of information at will and to also retrieve the data non
sequentially.
C. It is a way of providing clickable links to other sections of a document, or other
documents on the internet.
D. All of the above.
2. Who coined the word hypertext?
A. Ted Nelson B. Nelson Smith C. William Tod D. Richard Smith
3. What is the meaning of HTML in hypertext?
A. Hyper Text Markup Language B. High-tech Media Language
C. Hyper Text Media Lingo D. All of the above
4. What is intertext?
A. Intertext is putting a text in relation to another text.
B. Intertext is text document which is related to another text document.
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above
5. What is the difference of hypertext and intertext?
A. Hypertext makes use of hyperlinks while intertext doesn’t.
B. Hypertext is widely used by the students while intertext is used by teacher.
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above.

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Lesson
Hypertext and Intertext
1
What’s In

In your previous lesson, you have learned how to identify claims explicitly or implicitly
made in a written text based on claim of fact, claim of policy or claim of value. Let’s us try
how much you have learned from your previous module by answering this activity.

Activity 1. Claim ME-not!

Direction: Identify whether the claim illustrates policy, claim of fact, or claim of value. Write
CP for claim of policy, CV for claim of value, and CF for claim of fact.

__________1. COVID-19 can easily be contained if proper health protocol is followed.

__________2. Mental Health should be given equal importance to the vaccine.
__________3. Modular distance learning should be imposed to those students with no
gadgets.
__________4. Elementary students should be provided with additional learning materials
apart from modules.
__________5. Everyone should be vaccinated with available vaccine in the locality.

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 What’s New

Activity 2. Identify-Dot-PAROdy!

Do you know The Simpsons? I guess you have watch one of their episodes. Today
you will again meet them as you identify their Parodies. You will see how Parody relates to
our topic as you move on with this module.

Directions: Match Column A with its correct parody. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

Column A Column B
1. A.

2. B.

3. C.

4. D.

https://bit.ly/3yjurqi

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 What is it

Hypertext
It is a way of representing text about a topic where other topics can be linked. A link
is generally represented as a clickable area which will redirect the reader to another
resource can contain information about similar or related topics. The “World Wide Web” or
Internet is based on hypertext links and hypertext documents. In fact, the language that web
pages are written in is HTML - HyperText Markup Language (“What Is the Difference
between Hypertext and Intertext? - Quora” n.d.).

This is how a
google search
engine would
look like if you
open a link
showing the
definition of a
hypertext. The
blue texts or
underlined
would link you
to other website
showing its
definition or
meaning.

If you click Ted

Nelson on the
definition
provided, this
will be
prompted.
Again, there will
be series of
underlined
words that
would link you
to another
website.

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 Hypertext presents a new way to read on-line text that differs from reading standard
linear text. Text is typically presented in a linear form, in which there is a single way to
progress through the text, starting at the beginning and reading to the end.

Source: “Using Multimedia to Support Students’ Generative Vocabulary Learning.” 2011. Literacy Beat. Literacy Beat. July 27,
2011. https://literacybeat.com/2011/07/27/using-multimedia-to-support-students%E2%80%99-generative-vocabulary-learning/.

The features in hypertext supply flexibility to the reader when compared to reading
linear text such as books. Clearly some of this flexibility does exist in books (e.g. table of
contents and indexes), but it is not as widely used or exploited. Hypertext permits readers to
use these features automatically rather than requiring readers to manually refer to them as
needed. This provides additional control to the reader in determining the order that the text is
to be read and allows the reader to read the text as if it were specifically tailored to the
reader's background and interests. This flexibility does promise an advantage of
personalization and eases the burden of finding information.

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 In hypertext, information can be represented in a semantic network in which multiple
related sections of the text are connected to each other. A user may then browse through
the sections of the text, jumping from one text section to another. This permits a reader to
choose a path through the text that will be most relevant to his or her interests (“Hypertext
and Writing,” n.d.).

Source: “Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2009.” n.d. Digitalkwik. Accessed April 18, 2021.
https://digitalkwik269.weebly.com/microsoft-encarta-encyclopedia-2009.html.

Intertext
It is text document which is related to another text document. For example, the Latin
Vulgate version of the Bible is related to the King James Version. Or as another example,
Star Wars: The Force Awakens is intertext to Star Wars: The Last Jedi (“What Is the
Difference between Hypertext and Intertext? - Quora” n.d.).
It is the shaping of a text meaning by another text. Intertextual figures include:
allusion, quotation, translation, pastiche and parody. An example of intertextuality is an
author’s borrowing and transformation of a prior text or to a reader’s referencing of one text
in reading another. Derived from the Latin intertexto, meaning to intermingle while weaving,
intertextuality is a term first introduced by French semiotician Julia Kristeva in the late sixties.
In essays such as "Word, Dialogue, and Novel," Kristeva broke with traditional notions of the
author's "influences" and the text's "sources," positing that all signifying systems, from table
settings to poems, are constituted by the manner in which they transform earlier signifying
systems.

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 A literary work, then, is not simply the product of a single author, but of its
relationship to other texts and to the structures of language itself. "[A]ny text," she argues, "is
constructed of a mosaic of quotations; any text is the absorption and transformation of
another” (“Intertextuality Examples and Definition” 2016).

Intertextuality is seen on the following works:

1. Pastiche
• It is a literary piece that imitates another famous literary work of another writer
with the purpose of honoring it and not mocking it. It is lighthearted but
respectful in its imitation.
Examples:
Bohemian Rhapsody
2. Allusion
• It is an indirect reference to somebody or something
• a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical,
cultural, literary, or political significance
• it does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers
• is just a passing comment and the writer expects the reader to possess
enough knowledge to spot the allusion and grasp its importance in a text
Examples:
“ Don’t act like Romeo in front of her.”
The rise in poverty will unlock the Pandora’s box of crimes.
3. Parody
• is an imitation of a particular writer, artist, or a genre, exaggerating it
deliberately to produce a comic effect. The humorous effect in parody is
achieved by imitating and overstressing noticeable features of a famous piece
of literature.
Examples (Movies):
Austin Powers (character parody of James Bond)
Spaceballs (parody of Star Wars)
Young Frankenstein (parody of Frankenstein)
Robin Hood: Men in Tights (parody of Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves)
Vampires Suck (parody of Twilight)
Meet the Spartans (parody of 300)
Examples (Literature):
Bored of the Rings (Lord of the Rings parody)

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 Nightlight: A Parody (Twilight parody)
The Hunger Pains: A Parody (Hunger Games parody)
Barry Trotter and the Unauthorized Parody (Harry Potter and the
Sorcerer’s Stone parody)
Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters (Sense and Sensibility parody)
4. Calque
• a loan translation, especially one resulting from bilingual interference in which
the internal structure of a borrowed word or phrase is maintained but its
morphemes are replaced by those of the native language
Examples:
Latin: agenda, index, memorandum
German: angst, blitz, bratwurst
French: accident, chef, fierce
Italian: concerto, pizza, scenario
Japanese: bonsai, haiku, karaoke
Example: (Compound words)
blue-blood: noble birth — from Spanish sangre azul. “The veins of the
pure-blooded Spanish aristocrat, whose ancestry contained no
Moorish admixture, were believed to be bluer than those of mixed
ancestry” (Brewer’s Dictionary of Phrase and Fable)
Devil’s advocate: one who advocates the opposing side — from Latin
advocatus diaboli). From the Roman Catholic canonization process in
which reasons against canonization are presented by a designated
“devil’s advocate.”
Flea market: a place selling secondhand goods, from French marché
aux puces. Perhaps from the idea that old clothing may contain fleas.
Masterpiece: “A work of outstanding artistry or skill” from Dutch
meesterstuk, the work that proved that a craftsman was ready to be a
master of his craft. German has Meisterstück
Wisdom tooth: The hindmost molar tooth on each side of both upper
and lower jaws in man, usually ‘cut’ about the age of twenty — from
Latin dentes sapientiæ, from Greek sophronisteres, from sophron
“prudent, self-controlled.” Hippocrates called them that because
wisdom teeth usually appear at adulthood (17-25 years).

5. Quotation
6. Translations

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 7. Imitations of another writing style
8. Citations and references

Two Dimensions of Intertextual Relations

• Horizontal – relations that are between primary texts that are more or less
explicitly linked
• Vertical – relation between a primary text and other texts of a different type
that refer to it (secondary and tertiary texts)
Secondary texts – e.g., publicity, journalistic features, criticism
Tertiary texts – produced by viewers themselves (e.g., letters, gossip,
conversation)

Function of Intertextuality
• Majority of the writers borrow ideas from the previous works to give a layer of
meanings to their works. In fact, when readers read the new text with reflection
of another literary work, all related assumptions, effects and ideas of other text
provide them a different meaning and changes the technique of interpretation of
the original piece.
• Since readers take influence from other texts, and while reading new texts they
sift through archives, this device gives them relevance and clarifies their
understanding of the new texts. For writers, intertextuality allows them to open
new perspectives and possibilities to construct their story. Thus, writers may
explore a particular ideology in their narrative by discussing recent rhetoric in the
original text.

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 What’s More

Activity 3. What-Am-I?

Direction: Identify the context of text development used in the statement. Write HT for
hypertext and IT for intertext.
_________1. Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are first introduced as minor
characters in William Shakespeare's Hamlet.
_________2. While reading of Moby Dick, readers cannot help but think of Jonah and the
whale from the Bible
_________3. J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series shares many similarities J.R.R. Tolkiens's
Lord of the Rings Trilogy.
_________4. Choose your “adventure novels” to give readers the opportunity to jump from
one page to another depending on the choices the readers have chosen. One
page could lead to the protagonist's death while the other pages may free the
protagonist instead.
_________5. In the “Chronicles of Narnia”, Aslan, the Lion leader needs to sacrifice himself
to save Edmund from the traitorous deeds he has done; this is a mirror of
Jesus Christ's sacrifice who died to save the Christian World.
_________6. “Do not do unto others as you would not have them do unto you” by Confucius.
_________7. Speaking in front of the public is my Achilles' Heel.
_________8. Ti tao a mannarita, awan ti ania a magapuanna. A man that talks too much
accomplishes little.
_________9. A well-written book review hones your critical reading and thinking skills as you
identify the author's viewpoint. (Conolly-Smith, 2016)
_________10. Tobacco smoking is the practice of smoking tobacco and inhaling tobacco
smoke (consisting of particle and gaseous phases). (A broader definition may
include simply taking tobacco smoke into the mouth, and then releasing it, as
is done by some with tobacco pipes and cigars.)

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Weigh of learning!

Direction: Reflect and focus on your thoughts and feelings about what you experienced all
throughout the journey. What discussions or learning strikes you the most? How will you
apply these lessons in your daily life? Write your reflection based on the guide below. Do
these on a separate sheet of paper.

Summary of what was done, felt, and learned:

•
•
•
New learning:

• What did I learn that was new to me?

• What insights did this new knowledge give to me?

What I Can Do

Activity 5. Performance Activity

Direction: Prepare a pen and a sheet of paper. Read the following guidelines in doing this
activity.

Goal Your task is to write a parody of the poem titled, The Passionate
Shepherd to His Love.
Role You are a participant to a creative writing contest.
Audience Your written output will be read by a group of judges who will rate
your work based on a set of criteria.

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Situation You are one of the participants in a creative writing contest. You will
write a literary parody of the poem, The Passionate Shepherd to His
Love. It will not strictly follow the number of lines and the verse as
long as it is connected with the theme of the poem.
Product Your product is a literary parody.
Standard Your work will be evaluated based on its parody-theme, word choice
and creativity.

• Refer to this poem for you to be guided.

The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Literary Parody

by Christopher Marlowe

Come live with me and be my love,

And we will all the pleasures prove,
That Valleys, groves, hills, and fields,
Woods, or steepy mountain yields.

And we will sit upon the Rocks,

Seeing the Shepherds feed their flocks,
By shallow Rivers to whose falls
Melodious birds sing Madrigals.

And I will make thee beds of Roses.

And a thousand fragrant posies,
A cap of flowers, and a kirtle
Embroidered all with leaves of Myrtle.

A gown made of the finest wool

Which from our pretty Lambs we pull;
Fair lined slippers for the cold,
With buckles of the purest gold.

A belt of straw and Ivy buds,

With Coral clasps and Amber studs:
And if these pleasures may thee move,
Come live with me and be my love.

The Shepherds’ Swains shall dance and sing

For thy delight, each May-morning:
If these delights thy mind may move,
Then live with me and be my love.
Source: (Poetry Foundation 2019)

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Use the rubrics as your guide:

Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
Parody- Theme Overall Overall Overall Overall Overall
theme of theme of theme of theme of theme of
the parody the parody the parody the parody the parody
has a clear, has a has a is at times is not
humorous humorous humorous humorous, discernible.
message. message. message, but
but at times frequently
is unclear or goes off
goes off topic or is
topic. difficult to
understand.
Word Choice Words were Words were \Words Words were Words were
carefully sometimes were sometimes not chosen
chosen and chosen chosen with chosen with carefully
carefully
assist in basic care basic care, and appear
and assist
getting the in getting and get the but at times to be
overall the overall general appear not arbitrarily
theme of theme of idea of the to fit in with placed
the parody the parody theme the overall simply to fit
across to across to across to theme of rhythm or
the the the the parody. rhyme
audience.
audience audience. scheme.
clearly.
Creativity Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are
original and mostly occasionally rarely not original
clever. original and original and original and nor clever
clever. clever. clever.
Source: (IRUbric 2021 Reazon Systems, Inc.)

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 Assessment

Post-Test
Direction: Read and analyze each item carefully. Select the best answer from the choices
given. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What refers to a loan translation where the internal structure of a borrowed word or
phrase is maintained but its morphemes are replaced by those of the native
language?
A. Parody B. Allusion C. Pastiche D. Calque
2. What type of intertext imitates a writer, artist, subject or genre to make fun on the
original work?
A. Pastiche B. Calque C. Parody D. Allusion
3. Joseph Addison said, “Reading it to mind what exercise is to the body”. Which of the
following is MOST related to this quote?
A. Reading is an active process.
B. Reading can enhance the state of mind.
C. Reading is a complex cognitive process.
D. Reading is a basic tool in living a good life.
4. Which of the following is MOST related to this quote?
“The time you enjoy wasting is not wasted time.”- Bertrand Russell
A. It takes time to learn new things that are helpful to your life.
B. Do not spend time doing things that are unnecessary.
C. Never feel guilty for doing the things that make you happy.
D. You only live once so do what you want to do.
5. Which of the following is MOST related to this quote?
“Don’t allow your wounds transform you into someone you’re not.”- Paulo Coelho
A. Just be yourself no matter what others say.
B. Learn from the mistakes you committed in the past.
C. Forget the things that happened in the past.
D. The past should not define who you are today.

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 Additional Activity

Activity 7: Localize me!

Directions: Translate the song titled, Perfect by Ed Sheeran into Tagalog or Iloco
Language. Write your output on a separate sheet of paper.

Perfect
Ed Sheeran

I found a love for me

Oh darling, just dive right in and follow my lead
Well, I found a girl, beautiful and sweet
Oh, I never knew you were the someone waiting for me.

'Cause we were just kids when we fell in love

Not knowing what it was
I will not give you up this time
But darling, just kiss me slow, your heart is all I own
And in your eyes, you're holding mine.

Baby, I'm dancing in the dark with you between my arms

Barefoot on the grass, listening to our favourite song
When you said you looked a mess, I whispered underneath my breath
But you heard it, darling, you look perfect tonight.

Well I found a woman, stronger than anyone I know

She shares my dreams; I hope that someday I'll share her home
I found a love, to carry more than just my secrets
To carry love, to carry children of our own.

We are still kids, but we're so in love

Fighting against all odds
I know we'll be alright this time
Darling, just hold my hand
Be my girl, I'll be your man
I see my future in your eyes.

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 Answer Key

10. HT
9. IT
8. IT
7. IT 5. D
6. IT 4. C
5. IT . 3. B
4. IT 2. C
3. HT 1. D
2. IT Assessment
1. HT
What’s More 5. CP 5 A
4. C 4. CF 4. C
3. B 3. CP 3. A
2. A 2. CP 2. A
1. D 1. CF 1. D
What’s New What In Pre-Test

References

Majul, Mary Ann. 2016. En [G] Counters Reading and Writing in the Contemporary World.
Edited by Nick Benitez Mariano. Quezon City: St. Bernadette Publishing House
Corporation.

“Hypertext and Writing.” n.d. Www.whoi.edu.

https://www.whoi.edu/science/B/people/kamaral/hypertext.html.

“Intertextuality Examples and Definition.” 2016. Literary Devices. March 9, 2016.

https://literarydevices.com/intertextuality/.

Poetry Foundation. 2019. “Poetry Foundation.” Poetry Foundation. 2019.

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44675/the-passionate-shepherd-to-his-love.

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education-Schools Division of Laoag City
Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City 2900
Contact Number: (077)771-3678
Email Address: laoagcity@deped.gov.ph