Text as a Reader-Writer Subject

Objectives
1. To describe a written text as connected discourse;
2. To distinguish between and among techniques in
selecting and organizing information
a. brainstorming list
b. graphic organizer
c. topic outline
d. sentence outline
3. To create a narration of events through writing.
 Review!
• Text is a large unit of written text.
• Discourse is an expression of ideas.
• There are four properties of a well-
written text:
– Organization
– Coherence and Cohesion
– Appropriate Language Used
– Proper Mechanics
 Reading-Writing Connection
Process Reading Writing
Stage 1 (Before) Pre-reading Strategy: Prewriting Strategy:

Activating prior Previewing Generating Ideas

knowledge
Stage 2 (During) Comprehension and Drafting:
critical reading
strategy:
Considering the
Communicating with the Evaluating the author’s audience and purpose
reader/writer argument
Stage 3 (After) Assessing reading Assessing writing
skills: skills:
Checking the
effectiveness of Writing about a read text. Reading the draft.
reading/writing
 Techniques in Selecting and
Organizing Information
• Brainstorming
• Graphic Organizers
• Outlining
– Topic outline
– Sentence outline
Brainstorming
Graphic Organizer
 Introduction
• Text is organized in a particular way.
• This means that every reading
material must have a particular
structure.
• Graphic organizers are useful in
discerning the connections between
and among a writer’s ideas.
 Time Pattern Organizer
• This pattern is used when ideas in a
text need to be arranged in
chronological order such as in stories
and procedures.
Event 1/Step 1
Description or details of instruction

Event 2/Step 2
Description or details of instruction

Event 3/Step 3
Description or details of instruction
 Space Pattern Organizer
• This pattern is commonly used in
descriptions to show how an object of
description appears in space (from top
to bottom, left to right, etc.)

Topic:
Where in Hearing Sight Smell Taste Touch
Space?
Ex. Top
Ex. Bottom
Listing Pattern Organizer
• This pattern is used when the author
provides a series of details that does
not require any order.

Topic:
Detail 1
Detail 2
Detail 3
Detail 4
Classification Pattern Organizer
• This pattern is used when the author
divides a group into subgroups or
smaller groups.

Topic:

Classification 1 Classification 2 Classification 3

Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics

Examples Examples Examples
Comparison and contrast
Pattern Organizer
• This pattern is used to show the
similarities and differences of two or
more subjects.
• Example of this organizer is the Venn
Diagram.

Comparable Comparable
Topic 1 Topic 2
 Cause-and-effect Pattern
Organizer
• This pattern is used when the author
intends to express why something
happened or what resulted from a
particular event that happened.
Cause 2

Cause 1 Cause 3

Effect
Generalization and Example
Pattern Organizer
• This pattern is used when the author
explains a general idea and discusses
it in specific terms using examples.
General Idea Statement

Explanation

Example
Definition Pattern Organizer
• This pattern is used when the author
provides a meaning of a new or
difficult word.
Term

Definition Antonyms

Synonyms Examples Non-examples

 Patterns of Development
• Narration
• Description
• Definition
• Exemplification/classification
• Comparison and Contrast
• Cause and Effect
• Problem-solution
• Persuasion