GROUP 1

Dela Cruz ,Erika Joy

Romero,Stephen Rommel
Alila,Shenah
Chan, Hearlson Dave
Escultura, James
Paras, Jessie Jay
Duruin, Larry jr.
Quisel, Monmiguel
TRAPEZOIDAL RULE
 introduction

Stability is the science of calculating the ability of ship to

remain upright in all Conditions of weather and seas.
One of the important aspects of determining such stability is
the knowledge of areas and the volumes of the ship.
Even though practical stability calculations do not require us
to calculate these parameters at sea, it is necessary for us to
understand the principles involved and to study the process of
calculating the areas and volumes of various ship shapes.
 TRAPEZOIDAL RULE

In calculus, the trapezoidal rule (also known as

the trapezoid rule or trapezium rule; see
Trapezoid for more information on terminology)
is a technique for approximating the definite
integral.
 TRAPEZOIDAL RULE

TRAPEZOID- is a
plane four-sided figure
having two sides
parallel.
 TRAPEZOIDAL RULE

If the lengths of the parallel sides are Y1 and Y2 and they are “h”
units apart then the area of trapezoid is given by A = h/2 (Y1+Y2) sq.
units.

The trapezoidal rule assumes that the portion of the curve lying
between any two consecutive ordinates Y1, Y2 etc. can be replaced
with sufficient accuracy by a straight line. A curvilinear figure can be
divided into a number of approximate trapezoids by covering it with N
equally spaced vertical co-ordinates, ‘h’ units apart, the ordinates in
order being Yl, Y2, Y3 etc.

The rule merely sums up all these separate trapezoids.

 TRAPEZOIDAL RULE

Trapezoidal Rule is a rule that evaluates the

area under the curves by dividing the total
area into smaller trapezoids rather than
using rectangles. This integration works by
approximating the region under the graph of
a function as a trapezoid, and it calculates
the area.
WHAT IS TRAPEZOIDAL RULE?
• The trapezoidal rule is an
integration rule used to calculate
the area under a curve by
dividing the curve into small
trapezoids
• In mathematics, the trapezoidal
rule, also known as the trapezoid
rule or trapezium rule is a
technique for approximating the
definite integral in numerical
analysis.
• The summation of all the areas
of the small trapezoids will give
the area under the curve.
NUMBER OF ORDINATES
• Ordinates are the lines that is
made to divide the curve into
small trapezoids.
• Ordinates are divided into two parts
which is the extreme ordinates
and remaining ordinates.
EXTREME ORDINATES
REMAINING ORDINATES
ORDINATE VALUE
INTERVAL
• interval is the lower and
the upper limit of the
integral.
• This interval is being divided into sub
intervals.
• The width of each sub interval is
called “h” or the width of the
trapezoid.
TRAPEZOIDAL RULE
FORMULA
How to Apply Trapezoidal Rule?

• The trapezoidal rule can be applied to solve the definite integral of any
given function. It calculates the area under the curve formed by the
function by dividing it into trapezoids and is a lesser accurate method
in comparison to Simpson’s Rule. Both Simpson’s Rule and
Trapezoidal Rule give the approximation value, but Simpson’s Rule
results in an even more accurate approximation value of the integrals
because Simpson’s Rule uses the quadratic approximation instead of
linear approximation.
• Follow the below-given steps to apply the trapezoidal
rule to find the area under the given curve, y = f(x).
• 1. Step 1: Note down the number of sub-intervals, "n"
and intervals "a" and "b".
• 2. Step 2: Apply the formula to calculate the sub-
interval width, h (or) △x = (b - a)/n.
• 3. Step 3: Substitute the obtained values in the
trapezoidal rule formula to find the approximate area of
the given curve,
Example 1: Find the area under the curve using trapezoidal rule
formula which passes through the following points:

Solution:
Given: y0 = 5
y1= 6
y2= 9
y3= 11
h = (0.5 - 0) = (1 - 0.5) = (1.5 - 1) = 0.5
• Using Trapezoidal rule formula,
• Area = (h/2) [y0 + yn + 2(y1 + y2 + y3 + ..... + yn-1)]
• = (.5/2) [5 + 11 + 2 (6 + 9)]
• = 0.25 [16+30]
• = 0.25 [46]
• = 11.5
• Answer: Therefore, the area under the curve is 11.5 sq
units.
Example 2: Find the area under the curve using the
trapezoidal rule formula which passes through the
following points:

Solution:
Given: y0 = 4
y1 = 7
y2 = 10
y3 = 15
h = (0.5 - 0) = (1 - 0.5) = (1.5 - 1) = 0.5
• Using Trapezoidal formula:
• Area = (h/2) [y0 + yn + 2 (y1 + y2 + y3 + ..... + yn-1)]
• = (0.5/2) [4 + 15 + 2 (7 + 10)]
• = 0.25 [19 + 34]
• = 0.25 [53]
• = 13.25
• Answer: Therefore, the area under the curve is 13.25 sq units.
• EXAMPLE 3: Using Trapezoidal Rule Formula find
the area under the curve y = x2 between x = 0 and
x = 4 using the step size of 1.
• Solution:
• Given: y = x2
•h = 1
Find the values of ‘y’ for different values of ‘x’ by
putting the value of ‘x’ in the equation y = x 2

Using Trapezoidal rule:

Area = (h/2) [y0 + yn + 2 (y1 + y2 + y3 + ..... + yn-1)]
= (1/2) [0 + 16 + 2 (1 + 4 + 9)]
= 0.5 [16 + 28]
= 22

Answer: Therefore, the area under the curve is 22 sq units.

THANK YOU .