Tyler‘sModel Of

Curriculum Development
 About Ralph W. Tyler
• Best Known For The Basic Principles Of Curriculum And Instruction
(Ornstein And Hunkins, 1998) Which Is Based On An Eight Year Study.
• Tyler Also Explains That Curriculum Planning Is A Continuous, Cyclical
Process, An Instrument Of Education That Needs To Be Fine-tuned.
 THE TYLER MODEL
The Tyler Model Is:
• One of the best known models for curriculum development.
• Known for the special attention it gives to the planning
phases.
• Deductive for it proceeds from the general (examining the needs
of society,) to the specific (specifying instructional objectives).
Tyler Recommends That Curriculum Planners Identify
General Objectives By Gathering Data From Three Sources:
1. The learners
2. Contemporary Life Outside The School
3. Subject Matter. After Identifying Numerous General
Objectives, The Planners Refine Them By Filtering Them
Through Two Screens:
I. The Philosophical Screen
II. The Psychological Screen
 Tyler’s Four Fundamental Questions:

1. What educational purposes should the school seek to

attain?
2. What educational learning experiences can be provided that
are likely to attain these purposes?
3. How can these educational experiences be effectively
organized?
4. How can we determine whether these purposes are being
attained?
 Model Is Consisting Of Four
Steps
1. Determine The School’s Purposes (Aka
Objectives)
2. Identify Educational Experiences Related To
Purpose
3. Organize The Experiences
4. Evaluate The Purposes
 Determine The School’s Purposes (Aka
Objectives)
• Determining the objectives of the school or class. In other
words, what the students need to do in order to be successful.
For example, A school that is developing an English
curriculum my create an objective that students will write essays.
This would be one of many objectives within the curriculum.
 Identify Educational Experiences Related To
Purpose
• Developing learning experiences that help the students to
achieve step one. For example, if students need to meet the
objective of writing an essay. The learning experience might be
A demonstration by the teacher of writing an essay. The
experience (essay demonstration and writing) is consistent with
the objective (student will write an essay).
 Organize The Experiences

• Organizing the experiences.

• Should the teacher demonstrate first or should the
students learn by writing immediately?
 Evaluation Of The Objectives
• Now the teacher assesses the students ability to write an essay.
There are many ways to do this.
• There are variations on this model. However, the Tyler model is
still considered by many to be the strongest model for
curriculum development.
 Strengths Of Tyler’s Model
• Clearly Stated Objectives A Good Place To Begin.
• Involves The Active Participation OfThe Learner
(Prideaux, 2003)
• Simple Linear Approach To Development Of
Behavior Al Objectives (Billings & Halstead, 2009)
 Criticism Of The Tyler Model
• Narrowly interpreted objectives (acceptable verbs)
• Difficult and time consuming construction of behavioral
objectives curriculum restricted to a constricted range of
student skills and knowledge critical thinking,
• Problem solving and value acquiring processes cannot be
plainly declared in behavioral objectives (Prideaux, 2003)
 TYLER’S MODEL
Summary
• Deductive
• Argues from the administrator approach
• Believes that administration should design the curriculum and the teachers
implement it.
• Lays the main stress on aims, evaluation and control.
• This approach may be perfect, perhaps, for market-oriented education, but
inadequate for the development of responsible and creative individuals
able to meet the challenges of the constantly changing circumstances.
END