STRATEFIED

ROCKS
SHALE
-is the most common
sedimentary rock, accounting for
about 70 percent of the rock in
the Earth's crust.

-is a fine-grained rock made

from compacted mud and clay.
Shale is commercially
important. It is used to make
brick, pottery, tile, and Portland
cement. Natural gas and
petroleum may be extracted
from oil shale.
CONGLOMERATE
-is a sedimentary rock that looks like concrete. It
consists of large, rounded pebbles (clasts) cemented
by a matrix made of calcite, iron oxide, or silica.

-The properties of conglomerate rock depend on its

composition. It can be found in any color and may be
either hard or soft.
-Conglomerate can be used as a
fill material for roads and
construction.

-Hard rock may be cut and

polished to make dimension
stone.
 SANDSTONE
-Sandstone is made of sand grains (0.05mm to
2mm) that may have been deposited in the
sea, by rivers, or in deserts, and later
cemented together by minerals precipitated
from groundwater.

-The color of sandstone varies, depending on its

composition

-Argillaceous sandstones are often gray to blue

- Sandstone has two major applications, as
crushed stone and as dimension stone.

- Crushed stone is used in the construction

of roadways and road structures such as
bridges, and in buildings, both
commercial and residential.

- Dimension stone is any rock material that

is cut into specific sizes, typically as
blocks and slabs.
 SLATE
- is a fine-grained, metamorphic rock
formed by compression of sedimentary
shale, mudstone, or basalt

- consists mainly of silicates (silicon and

oxygen), phyllosilicates (potassium and
aluminum silicate), and aluminosilicates
(aluminum silicate).
- Gray slate is common, but the rock
occurs in a variety of colors, including
brown, purple, green, and blue.

- The term "slate" also refers to objects

made from the rock, such as slate tablets
or roofing tiles.

- Slate rock is used in the construction

industry to make roofing, shingles,
coverings, external flooring, internal
flooring and cladding and also used for
billiard tables.
 DIATOMITE
-  is a soft, friable and very fine-grained
siliceous sedimentary rock composed of
the remains of fossilized diatoms.

- Chalky to the touch and often light in

color, diatomite can be white if pure, but
more commonly it is buff to gray in situ,
or sometimes black. 
- The properties which make diatomite
valuable include low density, high
porosity, high surface area, abrasiveness,
insulating properties, inertness,
absorptive capacity, brightness, and high
silica content.

- The physical properties of diatomite have

led to its use in many commercial
applications, the most common being for
the filtration of liquids or as a filler, for
example, in paints
 CHERT
-Is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of 
quartz (SiO2) that is microcrystalline or
cryptocrystalline quartz. It is usually organic
rock but also occur inorganically as a
chemical precipitate or a diagenetic
replacement. It occurs as nodules,
concretionary masses, and as layered
deposits.

-It has a waxy or resinous luster unlike the

glassy luster of quartz. Its color range from
white through red and brown to black,
depending on how much clay or organic
matter it contains
- It is used to make arrowheads
and scraping and cutting
tools because it breaks with a
curved or shell-like fracture,
leaving edges as sharp as broken
glass.

- Chert is used as a construction

material and for road surfacing.
 LIMESTONE
-is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of 
calcite, a calcium carbonate mineral with a
chemical composition of CaCO3. It usually
forms in clear, calm, warm, shallow marine
waters.

-Limestone is usually gray, but it may also be

white, yellow or brown. It is a soft rock and
is easily scratched. It will effervesce readily
in any common acid
-Pulverized limestone is used as a soil
conditioner to neutralize acidic soils
(agricultural lime).

-Is overwhelmed to be used as aggregate—the

strong base for many roads as well as in
asphalt concrete.

-Glass making, in some occasions, makes use of

limestone.

-It is added to toothpaste, paper, plastics, paint,

tiles, and other substances as each white
pigment and a reasonably-priced filler.
 Rock is a great master of life. It
teaches us this simple philosophy:
Stay firm!
-Mehmet Murat Ildan