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The methods are used to obtained petroleum asphalts can be divided into two main groups; ا لطرقا لمستخدمة
ال نتاج ا السفلت
1.Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil:- ا لتقطير ا لتجيزئييل لنفط ا لخام
Separation of the different materials in the crude oil without significant changes in the chemical composition of
each material. (Removes the different volatile materials at higher temperature and pressure(.
.)وهي عملية فصل المواد المختلفة من النفط الخام بدون حدوث تغيرات كيمياوية ( فصل المشتقات الخفبفة تحت تأثير ضغط ودرجة الحرارة – فصل فيزياوي و بدون تغيير كيمياوي
1) Liquid Asphaltا السفلتا لسائل
a) Solved by cut back asphalt:- )ا السفلتا لمذابب ا لمشتقاتا لنفطية ( ا السفلتا لمشذب
- Na(OH)2
Anionic emulsifiers are based on fatty acids, these are reacted with a base such as caustic potash or caustic soda (KOH or NaOH ) to form a
salt. It is this salt that is the active emulsifier. Figure 4 shows a schematic of such a molecule. The non-polar tail is hydrophobic and hence aligns itself
inward to the Asphalt. The polar end is hydrophilic and hence provides the solubility in water. The emulsifier thus attaches itself to the Asphalt particle.
The number and density of emulsifier molecules that do this will impart a charge to the surface of the Asphalt particle. This charge will be exactly
balanced by the free charges in the water phase. This will be the sodium or potassium ion of the sa
2) Cationic: (+)surface active agent (Lauryl Trimeluy Ammonium chloride C 15H31 NH3 CL)
+a.Rapid Setting= RS (RS-1, RS-2)
C15H31NH3 + - b.Medium Setting = MS (MS-2,MS-2h, HFMS-2)
CL + - + -
H
OH
HCL