INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS

FORM AND
SUBSTANCE
By
Group 6
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI
MANADO
THE MEMBERS

• Keysha Alsa Wongkar

• Nanda Yohana GabriellahLalu
• Oktafia Manoppo
• Triqzy Sigarlaki
• Natasya Kowal
• Juriska Anastasya
• Cheryl Londang

01
Form and
Substance The actual sounds and graphic symbols are the
substance of language. When they are arranged in
order, they attain form.

02
Form and Substance is the material of language. Form cares with
Substance the arrangement of the substance into recognizable and
meaningful English patterns.

03
Form and Substance and Form- sounds and symbols like letters of the alphabet
that represent sounds in writing are the staples of the language. In the

Substance
English language we have 44 sounds and 26 symbols. They are the raw
material of the language and it is meaningless. From these symbols you
can make any word you like. They are the phonic and graphic substance
of the language. In themselves they have no meaning (individual sound
or individual letter, they don’t have any meaning at all). It is only when
they are given a particular shape or order that they become meaningful,
i.e., it is only when they have some form that they have meaning so in
themselves they don’t have any meaning.

04
 Substance and Form
Substance
1. All distinct sounds and written scripts are Form
the substance of the language. 1. When sounds, letters, and words are
• it isn't very meaningful. It means all the arranged in a certain way.
sounds, the basic sounds in language. • we can see some meaning in them.
2. it is just like a shapeless log of wood. • it becomes a form of a language.
• the carpenter makes a chair/table out of it.
• He changes substance into form.

05
 In formal linguistics, form and substance usually
refer to the actual elements or units of languages
Substance like atoms and molecules in Chemistry, protons

and Form and electron in Physic, so in the case of

Phonology, it is phonemes. In Morphology, it is
morphemes; in Syntax it is constituents.

Substance Form

/s/t/r/u/n/ 'strewn'
/t/ɛ/n/θ/ 'tenth'
/k/l/i/n 'clean' 06
Substance
Form You see, these are two pictures. There are bricks, individual
bricks. These make a substance for a wall. Now, here it is
wall. These bricks are arranged into form. So this is a
complete form of language

07
TERIMA KASIH