CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT:

PROCESSES AND MODELS

LESSON 3
 OBJECTIVES
• Explain and summarize the curriculum
development process and models
CURRICULUM development is a
dynamic process. There are
changes that occur that are
intended for improvement. The
models of Taba, Tyler,and Saylor
and Alexander will help us clarify
the process of curriculum
development.
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
• It is a dynamic process involving many
different people and procedures.
Development connotes change which is
systematic. The change maybe alterations,
modification or improvement of existing
condition. To produce positive change,
development must be purposeful, planned
and progressive.
 4 PHASES OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
• CURRICULUM PLANNING-it considers the
schools´vision, mission and goals. It also
includes the philosophy or strong education
belief of the school. These will be translated to
classroom desired outcomes for the learners.
• CURRICULUM DESIGNING- It is the way the
curriculum is conceptualized to include the
selection and organization of content, the
selection and organization of learning
experiences or activities and the selection of
the assessment procedures and tools to
measure achieved learning outcomes. It may
also include the resources to be utilized and
the statement of the intended learning
outcomes.
• CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTING-It normally
happens in the classroom or learning
environment. The teacher leads in putting into
action the plan which is based on the
curriculum design. It is where the action takes
place. It involves the activities that transpire in
every teacher´s classroom where the learning
becomes an active process.
• CURRICULUM EVALUATING-It determines the
extent to which the desired outcomes have
been achieved. This procedure is ongoing as in
finding out the progress of learning. Evaluation
can also determine that factors that have
hindered or supported the implementation. It
will also pinpoint where improvement can be
made and corrective measures introduced. The
evaluation result is very important for decision
making of curriculum planners and
implementers.
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS MODELS
 1. RALPH TYLER MODEL:FOUR BASIC
PRINCIPLES
• It is also known as Tyler´s rationale, this model
emphasizes the planning phase.
 Tyler´s Model includes the following
considerations:
• Purposes of the school
• Educational experiences related to the
purposes
• Organization of the experiences
• Evaluation of the experiences
• Ralph W. Tyler (1902–1994) was an American
educator who worked in the field of assessment
and evaluation. He served on or advised a
number of bodies that set guidelines for the
expenditure of federal funds and influenced the
underlying policy of the Elementary and
Secondary Education Act of 1965. Tyler chaired
the committee that eventually developed the
National Assessment of Educational Progress
(NAEP). He has been called by some as "the
father of educational evaluation and assessment"
Hilda Taba Model: Grassroots Approach

• She believed that teachers should participate

in developing the curriculum.
• She begins from the bottom, rather from the
top.
 7 steps in Taba´s Model
• Diagnosis of learners needs and expectations
• Formulation of learning objectives
• Selection of the learning contents
• Organization of learning contents
• Selection of learning experiences
• Determination of what to evaluate and the
means of doing
• Hilda Taba (7 December 1902 – 6 July 1967) was an
architect, a curriculum theorist, a curriculum reformer,
and a teacher educator.[1] She began her education at
the Kanepi Parish School. She then attended the Voru’s
Girls’ Grammar School and earned her undergraduate
degree in English and Philosophy at Tartu University.
When Taba was given the opportunity to attend Bryn
Mawr College in Pennsylvania, she earned her Master’s
degree. Following the completion of her degree at Bryn
Mawr College, she attended Teachers College at
Columbia University. She applied for a job at Tartu
University but was turned down because she was
female, so she became curriculum director at the
Dalton School in New York City.
 SAYLOR AND ALEXANDER MODEL
• Goals, Objectives and Domains
• Curriculum Designing
• Curriculum Implementation
• Evaluation