IPCE UNIT I

LECTUREs 3,4
 Air Pollution Causes and Effects

1. Increased Industrialization and urbanization

2. Wind,cyclone, forest fire, volcanic eruptions some of naturl causes
3. Poor town planning

From Industries Automobile emissions

Particulate Matters:
1. Cement plants
 Dust: 1-100 micron coarser solid  Inefficient and incomplete
2. Foundaries particles
combustion
3. Chloro alkali industries  Aerosols: smaller than 1 micron  Poor fuel and engine conditions
4. Plastic industries  Age of the vehicles
 Smoke: 0.01 to 1 micron  No proper pollution checking
5. Power station boilers
 FASTag example
6. Nitric acid plants  Fumes, Mist, fog, Smog
Some harmful Effects of Air pollution
 Green House Effect- Global Warming
Global warming occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants collect in the atmosphere and
absorb sunlight and solar radiation that have bounced off the earth’s surface. Normally this radiation would
escape into space, but these pollutants, which can last for years to centuries in the atmosphere, trap the heat
and cause the planet to get hotter. These heat-trapping pollutants—specifically carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide, water vapor, and synthetic fluorinated gases—are known as greenhouse gases, and their
impact is called greenhouse effect.
 Environmental Legislations
Environmental legislation provides a legal tool with which activities affecting the environment are regulated.

1. Limited in scope and deal with only one aspect of environmental pollution
2. Comprehensive and deals with all types of pollution
3. Integration of environmental protection with national development planning

 The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.

 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
 The Environment Protection Act, 1986.
 The Hazardous Waste Management Regulations, etc.
 Water (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act, 1974
Classification of water as per central and state water pollution
control board

1. Fresh water based on uses

a. Drinking water after disinfection

b. Outdoor bathing
c. Drinking water with treatment
d. Propagation of wild life, fisheries
e. Irrigation, industrial cooling and waste disposal

2. Sea Water

f. Water sport, shell fishing

g. Fishing
h. Industrial cooling
i. Navigation and controlled waste disposal
Indian Standards for the Disposal of Industrial Effluents
Minimum National Standards and Plan of Action
 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981
THE AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981 ACT NO. 14 OF 1981 [29th
March, 1981.]
An Act to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution, for the establishment, with a view to
carrying out the aforesaid purposes, of Boards, for conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and functions
relating thereto and for matters connected therewith. WHEREAS decisions were taken at the United Nations
Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in June, 1972, in which India participated, to take
appropriate steps for the preservation of the natural resources of the earth which, among other things, include the
preservation of the quality of air and control of air pollution
 Factory Act and Rules
Three stages of constitution

Legislations (who make the laws or acts)

Judiciary (administrative people who protect it)
Executer (who take it into action)

Rules can be set by industries to meet certain non-compliance and should main self –
sustainability. Water and Air act should be followed with certain amendments by each
factory. They have to sent the report maintain the act guidelines to PCB. Rules for water and
air may differ zone wise but all will come under the same Water and Air Act.

ZLD from Industry ETP Discussions