Quarter 1 Module 2

The Concept, Aspects and Changes

in/of Culture,
Society and Politics
 What I Know?
What’s in Your Pizza?

DIRECTIONS: Choose the appropriate

TOPPINGS (WORDS) from the box below that best
describes the characteristics of ‘society’, ‘culture’
and ‘politics’ to complete each flavor.
 Lesson 2
Discuss the Nature, Goals and
Perspective in/of Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science
 Activity 1
Group Activity
Directions: In the given Map, label each
major island/province with your
own cultural understanding/ experience
about its identity.
Group 1 Mindoro
Group 2 Panay
Group 3 Ilocos Sur/Norte
Group 4 Leyte
Group 5 Siquijor
Group 6 Quezon Province
Group 7 Davao
 Culture
 refers to a human-made environment which includes
all the material and nonmaterial products of group
life that are transmitted from one generation to the
next.
 is the declaration of our temperament in our
methods of living and thinking. It could be seen in our
writing, in strict practices, in amusement and
happiness
 Two Types of Culture

 Material
 Non-material Culture
 Material Culture
--identified with the material part of our life
like our dress, food, and family products.
 Non Material Culture

--alludes to thoughts, standards,

musings and conviction.
Aspects of Culture
 Aspects of Culture
 E. B. Tylor was the first to coin “culture”.
 Culture is a unique possession of man.
 Man is brought up in a cultural environment.
 It is the unique qualify of man which separates
him from the lower animals.
 It includes all that man acquires in his social
life.
Anthropologists
Characteristics
of
Culture
1. Culture is learned and acquired.
2. Culture is shared by a group of
people.
3. Culture is cumulative.
4. Culture changes
5. Culture is dynamic.
6. Culture gives us a scope of passable
standards of conduct.
7.Culture is diverse.
8. Culture is ideational.
Society
 Anthropological Perspectives
1. Evolutionist-Intellectual Perspective
2. French Sociology School Perspectives
3. British Functionalist School Perspective
 EvolutionistIntellectual Perspective
 explains that death and belief in soul and
the spirits play important roles.
 French Sociology School Perspectives
 suggests that society can sustain and
reproduce by themselves.
 British Functionalist School Perspective
 Explains anxiety caused by the
rationally uncontrollable happenings as
the basic motivation for the emergence
of religious faith.
 Sociological Perspectives, the Symbolic
Interactionism Perspective
 explains that people attach meanings to symbols
and they act according to their
 subjective interpretation of the symbols. The
Functionalist Perspective, also
 called Functionalism, believes that each aspect of
society is interdependent and
 contributes to society’s functioning as a whole.
 If the perspective highlights the external
influences that facilitate or constrain human
actions, the discipline is “SOCIOLOGY.”

 If the perspective underlines the role of cultural

structures in organizing human interactions, the
discipline is “ANTHROPOLOGY.”
 If the perspective zeroes in on power
relations and how these produce layered
modalities of opportunities among social
actors, the discipline is “ political
science”
 QUICK HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY
 Born in Europe (Germany, England, Europe) during the
period of Industrial Revolution
 It was a period that witnessed the rapid development of
industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th & 19th
centuries, brought about by the introduction of
machinery.
 It was characterized by the use of steam power, the
growth of factories & the mass production of
manufactured goods.
 ..\..\..\..\Videos\Understanding Culture Videos\History of S
August Comte
Emile
Durkheim Karl Marx

Max Weber
 GROUP
1. ACTIVITY
Hunting & Gathering societies
2. Pastoral societies
3. Horticultural societies
4. Agricultural Societies
5. Industrial Societies
6. Post-industrial Societies
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m Clock.mp4
 Criteria for
judging
Presentation - 30%
Eye contact – 20%
Collaboration- 25%
Speaking with conviction – 30%
Total …………………………..100%
 TYPES OF SOCIETY
1. HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETIES
(earliest form)
The members survive primarily by hunting,
trapping, fishing, and gathering edible plants.
2. PASTORAL SOCIETIES ( 12, 000 years
ago)
Obtained through domestication and
breeding of animals for transportation and
 TYPES OF SOCIETY
4. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES
Use technological advances to cultivate crops
(especially grains like wheat, rice, corn, and
barley) over a large area.
Agricultural Revolution - refers to the
technological changes that occurred as long as
8,500 years ago that led to cultivating crops and
raising farm animals
5. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES –
Based on using machines (particularly fuel‐
driven ones) to produce goods.
Industrial Revolution - period during the 18th
century when the production of goods in
mechanized factories
6. POST- INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY – Advent
of computer microchip. Sociologists predict
increased levels of education and training,
..\..\..\..\Videos\Understanding Culture Videos\types of so
ciety new.mp4
Enculturation
- gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a
culture or group by a person, another culture, etc.
Example:
Third Culture shock
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Children You Won't Believe EXIST.mp4
 CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURE

1. Visible/Tangible Culture

 material culture which include all material objects or

those components/elements with Physical
representation (tools, foods, art, dance, language,
traditions, furniture, buildings, bridges, gadgets, etc.
2. Invisible/Non-tangible Culture
 Without physical representation
 Non-material culture
 Can be categorized into cognitive & normative
 Cognitive ( ideas, concepts, philosophies designs etc.
that are product of the mental & intellectual function &
reasoning of the human mind)
 Normative – expectations, standards & rules of human
behavior
3. Common Humanity
 The way we all love, laugh, and cry, and seek dignity
and meaning in our lives.
 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

1. BELIEFS- conceptions or ideas of people about what

is true in the environment around them like what is
life, how to value it, and how one’s believed on the
value of life relates with his or her interaction with
others and the world.
(based on common sense, folk wisdom, religion,
science or combination)
2. VALUES – describe what is appropriate or
inappropriate (good or bad; desirable or undesirable;
worthy or unworthy) in a given society or what ought to
be.

3. PEOPLE – Iive in a culture wherein symbols are used

to understand each other.
Symbols can be verbal (words) or non-verbal (acts,
gestures, signs & objects) that communicate meaning that
people recognized and shared.
4. LANGUAGE (storehouse of culture – is shared set of
spoken & written symbols. They are basic to
communication & transmission of culture.
5. TECHNOLOGY - Refers to the application of
knowledge and equipment to ease the task of living
and maintaining the environment.
6. NORMS – specific rules/standards to guide for
appropriate behavior. It has different types and forms.
 Types of Norms

1. Proscriptive – defines and tells us things not to do

2. Prescriptive – Defines and tells us things to do
 Forms of Norms
1. FOLKWAYS – customs, everyday behavior that
people follow for the sake of tradition or convenience.
2. MORES – strict norms that control moral and ethical
behavior. Based on definitions of right & wrong.
3. TABOOS - Holds so strongly that violating it results
in extreme disgust. Oftentimes, the violator is considered
unfit to live in that society.
4. LAWS – They are codified ethics, and formally agreed,
written down and enforced by an official law enforcement
agency.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
1. Dynamic, Flexible and Adaptive
2. Shared and may be Challenged
3. Learned through socialization or enculturation
4. Patterned social interactions
5. Integrated
6. Transmitted through socialization/enculturation
7. Requires language and other forms of communication
 CULTURAL ORIENTATIONS
Ethnocentrism – William Graham Sumner
 Is the tendency to see and evaluate other cultures in terms
of one’s own race, nation or culture
 ..\..\..\..\Videos\Understanding Culture Videos\ethnocentris
m.mp4
Xenocentrism – ( John Fullmer)
highly influenced by the culture or many culture outside the
realm of their society. One’s exposure to cultural practices of
others
 Preference to the ideas, lifestyle & products of other
cultures.
Cultural Relativism – (Franz Boas)
the principle that an individual human’s beliefs and
activities should be understood by others in terms of that
individual’s own culture.
QUIZ # 3