Numerical Analysis

IPE-315
Lecture 2: Approximation and Round-off Errors

Course Teacher:

Qawsar Ali
Lecturer
Department of Industrial and Production Engineering (IPE),
Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. 1
Problems in Numerical Computation

 Both your mathematical approximation and your digital computer

cause your resulting model prediction to be uncertain.
Your problem is: How do you deal with such uncertainty?

 Is it possible to understand, quantify and control such errors in

order to obtain acceptable results?

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Errors
 Errors exist in numerical computation.
 Your task is to identify, quantify, and minimize these errors .
Two major forms of numerical error:
– Round-off error  due to the fact that computers can represent only quantities with
 a finite number of digits.

– Truncation error  the discrepancy introduced by the fact that numerical methods
may employ approximations to represent exact mathematical operations and
quantities.

Errors not directly connected with the numerical methods themselves: blunders,
formulation or model errors, and data uncertainty

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
What is Significant Figures?
 Significant figures are the number of digits in a value, often a
measurement, that contribute to the degree of accuracy of the value.
 We start counting significant figures at the first non-zero digit.

Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Significant Figures

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Significant Figures

Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Accuracy and Precision

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Accuracy and Precision

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Accuracy and Precision

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Error Definitions

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Example 01

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Example 01

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Error Definitions

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Error Definitions

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Example 02

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Example 02

Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Example 02

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Round-off Errors

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Round-off Errors

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali
Thank You for your continuous
concentrations

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Department of IPE, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka. Lecturer Qawsar Ali