Professional Documents
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Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
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Learning Objectives (2 of 2)
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What Is Management? (1 of 4)
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What Is Management? (2 of 4)
• Managers
– The people responsible for supervising the use of
an organization’s resources to meet its goals
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What Is Management? (3 of 4)
• Management
– The planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
of human and other resources to achieve
organizational goals effectively and efficiently
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What Is Management? (4 of 4)
• Resources
– Include assets such as:
• People and their skills, know-how, and experience
• Machinery
• Raw materials
• Computers and information technology
• Patents, financial capital, and loyal customers and employees
©McGraw-Hill Education.
Achieving High Performance:
A Manager’s Goal (1 of 2)
• Organizational performance
– A measure of how efficiently and effectively
managers use available resources to satisfy
customers and achieve organizational goals
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Achieving High Performance:
A Manager’s Goal (2 of 2)
• Efficiency
– A measure of how well or how productively
resources are used to achieve a goal
• Effectiveness
– A measure of the appropriateness of the goals an
organization is pursuing and the degree to which
the organization achieves those goals
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Figure 1.1 Efficiency, Effectiveness, and
Performance in an Organization
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Why Study Management? (2 of 2)
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Example: Alcon
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Organizing (1 of 2)
• Organizing
– Structuring working relationships so organizational
members interact and cooperate to achieve
organizational goals
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Organizing (2 of 2)
• Organizational structure
– A formal system of task and reporting
relationships that coordinates and motivates
organizational members so that they work
together to achieve organizational goals
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Leading
• Leading
– Articulating a clear vision and energizing and
enabling organizational members so they
understand the part they play in achieving
organizational goals
– Involves managers using their power, personality,
influence, persuasion, and communication skills to
coordinate people and groups
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Controlling (1 of 2)
• Controlling
– Evaluating how well an organization is achieving its
goals and taking action to maintain or improve
performance
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Controlling (2 of 2)
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Managerial Roles Identified (1 of 3)
Table 1.1 Managerial Roles Identified by Mintzberg
Type of Role Specific Role Examples of Role Activities
Decisional Entrepreneur Commit organizational resources to develop innovative goods and
services; decide to expand internationally to obtain new
customers for the organization’s products.
Decisional Disturbance Move quickly to take corrective action to deal with unexpected
handler problems facing the organization from the external environment,
such as a crisis like an oil spill, or from the internal environment,
such as producing faulty goods or services.
Decisional Resource allocator Allocate organizational resource among different tasks and
departments of the organization; set budgets and salaries of
middle and first-level managers.
Decisional Negotiator Work with suppliers, distributors, and labor unions to reach
agreements about the quality and price of input, technical, and
human resources; work with other organizations to establish
agreements to pool resources to work on joint projects.
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Managerial Roles Identified (2 of 3)
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Managerial Roles Identified (3of 3)
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Levels and Skills of Managers (1 of 2)
• Department
– A group of managers and employees who work
together and possess similar skills or use the same
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Figure 1.3 Levels of Management
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Levels of Management (1 of 2)
• First-line managers
– Responsible for the daily supervision of the
nonmanagerial employees
• Middle managers
– Supervises first-line managers
– Responsible for finding the best way to use
resources to achieve organizational goals
©McGraw-Hill Education.
Levels of Management (2 of 2)
• Top managers
– Responsible for the performance of all
departments
– Establish organizational goals
– Decide how different departments should interact
– Monitor how well middle managers in each
department use resources to achieve goals
©McGraw-Hill Education.
Levels and Skills of Managers (2 of 2)
Figure 1.4 Relative Amount of Time Managers Spend on the Four Managerial Tasks
• Conceptual skills
– The ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and
distinguish between cause and effect
• Human skills
– The ability to understand, alter, lead, and control the
behavior of other individuals and groups
• Technical skills
– Job-specific skills required to perform a particular type
of work or occupation at a high level
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Core Competency
• Core competency
– Specific set of departmental skills, abilities,
knowledge and experience that allows one
organization to outperform its competitors
– Skills for a competitive advantage
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Restructuring
• Restructuring
– Downsizing an organization by eliminating the jobs
of large numbers of top, middle, and first-line
managers and nonmanagerial employees
• Outsourcing
– Contracting with another company, usually in a
low-cost country abroad, to perform a work
activity the company previously performed itself
©McGraw-Hill Education.
Empowerment
• Empowerment
– Giving employees more authority and
responsibility over how they perform their work
activities
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Challenges for Management in a
Global Environment
• Building a competitive advantage
• Maintaining ethical and socially responsible
standards
• Managing a diverse workforce
• Utilizing IT and e-commerce
• Practicing global crisis management
©McGraw-Hill Education.
Building Competitive Advantage
• Competitive advantage
– Ability of one organization to outperform other
organizations because it produces desired goods
or services more efficiently and effectively than its
competitors
• Innovation
– The process of creating new or improved goods
and services or developing better ways to produce
or provide them
©McGraw-Hill Education.
Figure 1.6 Building Blocks of Competitive
Advantage
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Example - Alcon
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Turnaround Management
• Turnaround management
– Creation of a new vision for a struggling company
using a new approach to planning and organizing
to make better use of a company’s resources to
allow it to survive and eventually prosper
©McGraw-Hill Education.
Maintaining Ethical and
Socially Responsible Standards
• Managers are under considerable pressure to
make the best use of resources
• Too much pressure may induce managers to
behave unethically and even illegally
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Managing a Diverse Workforce
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Practicing Global Crisis Management
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Appendix 1 Figure 1.1 Efficiency, Effectiveness,
and Performance in an Organization
Figure 1.1, Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Performance in an Organization.
• Low efficiency/high effectiveness: Manager chooses the right goals to
pursue, but does a poor job of using resources to achieve these goals.
Result: A product that customers want, but that is too expensive for them
to buy.
• Low efficiency/ low effectiveness: Manager chooses wrong goals to pursue
and makes poor use of resources. Result: A low-quality product that
customers do not want.
• High efficiency / high effectiveness: Manager chooses the right goals to
pursue and makes good use of resources to achieve these goals. Result: A
product that customers want at a quality and price they can aord.
• High efficiency / low effectiveness : Manager chooses inappropriate goals,
but makes good use of resources to pursue these goals. Result: A high-
quality product that customers do not want.
©McGraw-Hill Education.
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Appendix 2 Figure 1.2 Four Tasks of
Management
Four Tasks of Management.
Planning Choose appropriate organizational goals and courses of
action to best achieve those goals.
Organizing Establish task and authority relationships that allow
people to work together to achieve organizational goals.
Organizing Establish task and authority relationships that allow
people to work together to achieve organizational goals.
Controlling Establish accurate measuring and monitoring
systems to evaluate how well the organization has achieved its
goals.
©McGraw-Hill Education.
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Appendix 3 Levels and Skills of Managers (2 of 2)
The graphic shows the relative importance of planning,
organizing, leading, and controlling—the four principal
managerial tasks.
The importance of the task depends on the manager’s position
in the managerial hierarchy. First-line managers show the
greatest importance in leading. Middle managers slightly less on
importance in leading than first-line managers, and more in
planning. Top managers have a great responsibility in planning,
followed by organizing, leading, and then controlling. First-line
managers have the least amount of importance in controlling.
©McGraw-Hill Education.
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