Creativity

Stagner & Karwoski (1973): Creativity implies the

production of totally or partially novel identity.
Spearman (1931): Creativity is the process of the human
mind to create new concepts by transforming relations &
thereby generating new correlations.
M.J. Levin (1978): Creativity is the ability to discover new
solutions to problems or to produce new ideas, inventions
or work arts.
Skinner (1968): creative thinking means that the
predictions and/or inferences for the individual are new,
original, unusual. The creative thinker is one who
explores new areas and makes new observations, new
predictions & new inferences.
As Process
Stein: A process is creative when it results in a new work, that is
accepted as useful or satisfying by a group at some point at a
time.
Torrance : Creativity is a mental process of seeing or creating
most unforeseen and novel relationship between two or more
things and ideas.
1. To find things or ideas and classify/ discriminate in categories
2. To synthesis and bring together elements in new & original ways
Walls & Patrick: Four Steps
1. Preparation: Observation made
2. Incubation: Ideas came to mind
3. Illumination: Emergence of Concept (Joyful moment)
4. Verification: Evaluation
Nature
Universal
Innate as well as acquired
Produces something new or novel
Adventurous
Open thinking
Carries ego involvement
Wide scope
Creativity & School Achievement are not correlated
Creativity & Anxiety often go together
Creativity & Sociability are negatively correlated
Creativity & Intelligence
Rests more on Divergent thinking than Convergent thinking
Important basis in the world of imagination
Creative Person
Originality of Ideas & Expression
Sense of Adventure
Good Memory
Good General Knowledge
High degree of awareness and concentration
An investigative & Curious nature
Foresight
Lack of tolerance for boredom & discomfort
Ambitious nature
Interest in Vague & Silly Ideas
Creative Person…………….
Fluency of Expression
Flexibility in thought, perception & action
Ability to learn
Ability to transfer learning
Ability to elaborate-to work out the details of an idea
Absence of fear
Attraction to unknown, Mysterious & Unexplained
Pride in creation
High Values
Restless
Creative Person…………….
Open mind with preference for complexity &
incompleteness
High degree of sensitivity towards problems
Self-Respect
Self Discipline
Capacity to Daydream
Ability to keep many ideas in focus in a time
Preference of complex phenomenon
High energy level
Careless about handwriting
Theories of Creativity
Divine Inspiration Theory:
 Creativity is not universally distributed
 Gifted according to luck : some get large share & some denied

Creativity equivalent to Insanity:

 Based on Historical Evidence
 Thinking & Behaviour of a creative person is very similar to abnormal

Creativity is Inborn:
 A special mental power
 Unique Cognition ability
 One may born with certain capabilities
Theories of Creativity………
Creativity is Environmentally Acquired:
 Creativity is not only the result of heredity
 Creativity is acquired like other traits/ habits
 Positive/ Open environment help in developing creativity

Taylor’s Level Theory:

Creativity may be described as existing at five levels in a ascending
hierarchy
 Expressive Level: Spontaneous Expression without reference to
originality & quality of the product
 Productive Level: A person is able to produce something innovative
 Inventive Level: Preference of geniuses with emphasis on novel use of
old things
 Innovative Level: A person is able to develop new ideas or principles
with the help of highly developed skills
 Emergenative Level: Highest Level- Abstract Ideas
Theories of Creativity……………………….
Psychoanalytical Theory:
Creativity is means & production of one’s emotions/
sublimation of emotions
Most creative works of arts
Portraying beautiful figures of man & women
Expression of repressed sexual desires
Paintings, compositions
Developing Creativity
Freedom to respond
Opportunity for ego- involvement
Removal of hesitation & fear
Providing appropriate atmosphere & opportunity for
creative expression
Developing healthy habits
Using creative recourses of community
Avoidance of blocks to creative thinking
Proper organization of curriculum
Evaluation system
Developing Creativity……….
Teaching by examples
Use of special techniques
Brainstorming
Role Playing
Teaching models
Gaming techniques
Creating encouraging environment
Encouraging divergent thinking
Encouraging self trust
Encouraging study of Master Pieces
Rewarding Creative Achievement/ Idea