ESSENTIAL COMPOSITION OF ORGANIZED CRIME

MA. JAMAICA MAE D. SANTIAGO, RCRIM

 • The crimes in the modern world represent the
latest and the most dangerous manifestations of
the something-for-nothing-complex problems of
society.
INTRODUCTION • Professional Organized Crimes, White-Collar
Crimes, Conventional Crimes, and the Victimless
Crimes.
THE PROFESSIONAL CRIMES
THE PROFESSIONAL CRIMES

Professional crimes are referring to occupation

or their incumbents, which possesses various
traits including useful knowledge that requires
lengthy training, service, orientation and code of
ethics that permits occupations to attempts to
obtain autonomy and independence with high
prestige and remuneration.
 Careful planning
Crime is a sole
and reliance upon
means of
technical skills
Characteristics livelihood.
and methods.

of Professional
Crimes The groups have
(Sutherland) Offenders are
shared sense of
belongingness,
rules, codes of
migratory
behavior, and
lifestyle.
mutual
specialized
language
Characterized of Professional Crimes
(Quinney)

Crimes is sole There is highly There is a

means of livelihood developed criminal considerable skill
or economic gain career. involved.

Hard to detect, by
Group of
authorities/can be
professional/career
able to avoid
offender.
imprisonment.
THE WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES
THE WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES

White-collar crime is financially motivated nonviolent

crime committed for illegal monetary gain.
“are crimes committed by a person of respectability
and high social status in the course of his occupation” –
Edwin Sutherland (1939)
Sutherland was a proponent of symbolic interactionism
and believed that criminal behavior was learned from
interpersonal interactions.
Defining White Collar Crimes

A generic term for crimes involving commercial frauds, cheating

consumers, swindles, insider trading on the stock market,
embezzlement and other forms of dishonest business schemes.
The term comes from out-of-date assumption that business
executives wear white shirts and ties.
“white collar crimes include securities fraud, embezzlement,
corporate fraud, or money laundering. White collar crime is
punishable by fine, imprisonment, or both”
TYPE OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME

1. BANK FRAUD – defraud a bank of funds

2. BLACKMAIL – demand for money or other consideration under
threat
3. BRIBERY – it is the behavior of offering, giving, receiving, or
soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an
official or other person in charge of a public duty
4. CELLULAR PHONE FRAUD – unauthorized use, tampering, or
manipulation of a cellular phone or service
5. COMPUTER FRAUD – act of computer hackers
TYPE OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME

6. COUNTERFEITING – unauthorized copying or imitating

an item
7. CREDIT CARD FRAUD
8. CURRENCY SCHEMES
9. EMBEZZLEMENT – It is the breach of the fiduciary
responsibilities placed upon a person
10. ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEMES
TYPE OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME

11. EXTORTION – blackmail, shakedown, outwrestling and exaction

12. FORGERY
13. HEALTH CARE FRAUD –deceptive means used by an organization
to profit from government health agreements.
14.Insider Trading: if refers to the act of buying or selling of a
security by someone who has access to material, nonpublic
information about the security.
15. Insurance Fraud: It occurs when any act is committed with the
intent to fraudulently obtain some benefit or advantage to which they
are not otherwise entitled or someone knowingly denies some benefit
that is due and to which someone is entitled.
TYPE OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME

16.INVESTMENT SCHEMES: Where an unsuspecting victim is contacted

by the actor who promises to provide a large return on a small investment.
17. KICKBACK
18. LARCENY/THEFT
19. MONEY LAUNDERING: It is the process by which large amounts of
illegally obtained money from illegal activity is given the appearance of
having originated from a legitimate source.
20. RACKETEERING: it refers to the operation of an illegal business for
personal profit.
TYPE OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME

21. SECURITIES FRAUD: The act of artificially inflating the price of stocks by
brokers so that buyers can purchase a stock on the rise.
22. TAX EVASION: it refers to the unlawful attempt to minimize tax liability
through fraudulent techniques to circumvent or frustrate tax laws, such as
deliberate under-statement of taxable income or willful non-payment of due taxes.
23. TELEMARKETING FRAUD: It is a term that refers generally to any scheme to
deprive victims dishonestly of money or property or to misrepresent the values of
goods or services.
24. WELFARE FRAUD
25. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES: The act of placing an item for sale at one price
yet charging a higher price at the time of sale or short weighing an item when the
label reflects a higher weight.
DEALING WITH WHITE COLLAR CRIME

ETHICAL REFORMS

ENFORCEMENT REFORMS

STRUCTURAL REFORMS

POLITICAL REFORMS