Critical thin

king
By kiran Dix
it
Msc. Nursin st
g 1 year
 Introduction

0 The principal goal of education is to create men and

women . . .who have minds which can be critical, can
verify, and not accept everything they are offered. -
Jean Piaget

0 Nursing Education views or requires critical thinking

as an educational outcome. As a result of this outcome
or evaluation there is new thinking or new processes
or new ideas.
 Objectives

0 Describe the concept & skills of critical thinking used

in nursing practice.
0 State the aspects of critical thinking.
0 Discuss the critical thinking model.
0 Explain the levels of critical thinking.
0 Elaborate the various components of critical thinking
0 When caring for patients, a nurse is responsible for
making accurate and appropriate clinical decisions.
0 Clinical decision making is a skill that separates
professional nurses from nursing assistive personnel.
0 To help patients maintain, regain, or improve their
health a nurse must think critically to solve problem &
find solutions for patients’ health problems.
 THINKING & LEARINING
0 Learning is a life long process.
0 Intellectual& emotional growth involves gaining new
knowledge & refining the ability to think, problem
solve, & make judgments.
0 Thinking about our practice as a nurse requires
vigilance, which involves remaining alert & attentive
to whatever activity or task you are conducting
 Definition

0 Critical thinking is an active, organized, cognitive

process used to carefully examine one’s thinking and
the thinking of others. - Chaffee (2002).
0 It is the classic description, “reasonable reflective
thinking that is focused on deciding what to believe or
do.” - Ennis’(1987)
 Why do we need to think
critically?
0 Need to make accurate and appropriate clinical
decisions
0 Need to solve problems and find solutions
0 Need to plan care for each unique client and client
problem
0 Need to seek knowledge and use it to make clinical
decisions and problem solve
0 Need to be able to think creatively when planning care
for clients
Critical Thinking Model
CRITICAL THINKING MODEL
As critical thinking is a complex, a model helps
explain what is involved. Kataoka – Yahiro and Saylor
(1994) developed a model of critical thinking for
nursing judgement.
The model defines the outcome of critical thinking:
nursing judgement that is relevant to nursing
problems in a variety of settings.
 Levels of critical thinking:
0 The three levels of Critical Thinking are:

0 Basic Critical Thinking

0 Complex Critical Thinking
0 Commitment
 Components of critical
thinking model
There are 5 components in this model of critical
thinking:
0 Knowledge base
0 Experience in nursing
0 Critical thinking competencies
0 Attitudes for critical thinking
0 Standards for critical thinking
 CRITICAL THINKING
COMPETENCIES
0 It is the cognitive processes a nurse uses to make
judgements about patient’s clinical care.
0 There are three competencies:
0  General critical thinking
0  Specific critical thinking in clinical situations
0  Specific critical thinking in nursing.
 General critical thinking
They include:
0  Scientific method

0  Problem solving

0  Decision making
 Specific critical thinking in
clinical situations
Specific critical thinking in clinical situations is used by
physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals.
It is of two types:

0 Diagnostic reasoning/Clinical inference

0 Clinical decision making

Specific critical thinking competency
used in nursing practice:
0  Nursing Process
0  Assessment
0  Analysis (Nursing Diagnosis)
0  Planning
0  Implementation
0  Evaluation
Attitudes of critical thinking

0 Confidence
0 Responsibility
0 Risk taking
0 Accountancy
0 Fairness
0 Thinking independently
0 Curiosity
0 Integrity
0 Humility
 Standards For Critical
Thinking
The 5th component of the critical thinking model
includes standards and is identified by Paul (1993)
consist of two types of standards, namely:

0 Intellectual Standards

0 Professional Standards
 Intellectual standards
0 Ethical criteria for nursing judgement
0 Criteria for evaluation
0 Professional Responsibility
 Professional standards:
The standards of professional responsibility include
those standards you find from Nurse Practice Acts:
Institutional practice guidelines, polices and
procedures, and professional organizations’
standards of practice.
Each institute has its own manual. Standards raise the
bar for the responsibilities and accountabilities that a
nurse has to take and be answerable for.
THANK YOU