RETINA

• The third or the innermost layer of the eye.

• The retina is a thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye
on the inside.
• It is located near the optic nerve.
• The purpose of the retina is to receive light that the lens has
focused,
• convert the light into neural signals, and send these signals on
to the brain for visual recognition.
• Retina lays over the back of choroid, which is located in the posterior
compartment(between lens and retina).
• Compartment filled with Clear, gelatinous material called vitreous
humor.Maintains the shape of the eye
• Aqueous Humor : Watery fluid filled between cornea and lens.
Provides nutrition to eye.
• Retina contains 2 types of cells
• ROD CELLS
• CONE CELLS
• Also known as photoreceptors.
• Responsible for detecting colour and intensity of light.
• Cone cells are sensitive to bright light
• Rod cells are sensitive to dim light
• Lack of cone cells causes individuals to have deficiency in colour vision
or various kinds of colour blindness.

• BLIND SPOT : Centre of the retina is the optic disc, also called blind
spot. It lacks photoreceptors.

• It is where the optic nerve leaves the eye and takes the nerve
impulses to the brain.
• MACULA : Oval shaped pigmented area near the centre of the retina.

• Macula in humans is subdivided in to the umbo, foveola, foveal

avascular zone, fovea, parafovea and perifovea regions.

• FOVEA/YELLOW SPOT : The cornea and lens focus the light in to this
small area called fovea.
• It is a small, central pit composed of cone cells, located in the centre
of macula.
• Fovea has the highest Visual acuity, that is it provides the clearest
vision of all.
• Rod cells are absent in fovea.