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Unit 1
Sub unit 1.1 Anatomy of eye
Structure Of The Eye
Eye is the specialize sense organ, capable of receiving visual image which is then
carried to brain.
Shape – almost spherical
Diameter – 2.5cm (25mm)
A. Anterior Part
Anterior part is small and occupies 1/6th
Part of eyeball
B.Posterior Part
It is large and occupies 5/6th part of the eyeball
Located in the orbital cavity which is called eye socket.
Between eye and bone, adipose tissue is present
> Eye ball is attached to orbital cavity by occular muscle
> Eye is supplied by optic nerve
Wall Of Eyeball
Cornea
Anteriorly, sclera continues as clear transparent epithelial membrane
Cornea is convex anteriorly
It refracts or bends light rays to focus them on retina
Light rays pass through cornea to reach retina
Refractory index - 1.376
Choroid
It is the lines posterior five –sixth of the eye
It is located between sclera and retina
I is rich in blood supply
It is deep chocolate brown in color
Light enters the eye through pupil, then retina and is then absorbed by choroid
Ciliary body – it is the anterior continuation of choroid which is consist of followings:
A. Suspensory ligaments – it attach lens to the ciliary body. Contraction and relaxation
of ciliary muscle control size and thickness of lens,
B. Secretory epithelial cells- it secrets aqueous fluid into anterior part of the eye
Lens
It is highly elastic, biconcave body.
It situated immediately behind the pupil
Lens refracts light rays coming from objects
Only structure in eye that can change its refractory
Power
Iris
It extends anteriorly from ciliary body and it is visible colored ring at front of eye
Lying behind cornea and in front of lens
It devids anterior part if the eye into anterior chamber and posterior chamber
(aqueous fluid)
It is circular body composed of pigment cells
It consists of two layer of smooth muscle fiber- circular and radiator
In center- pupil
It has parasympathetic nerve supply which contracts pupil and sympathetic
nerves which dilates pupil
Retina
It is the innermost lining of the eye
It is delicate structure which is well adapted for stimulation by light rays
It has light sensitive layer which contains sensory receptor cells which are :
rod cells and cons cells
which contain photosensitive pigment that convert light rays into nerve impulses.
It lines 3 quarter of eyeball
Near the center of posterior part there is mocula lutea which is a depression inside
iris is called forea contrails (only cornea)
0.5 to maocula lutea are nerve fibrous of retina converse to form optic nerve
Physiology of vision
Light falls on cornea
I
Aqueous humar
I
Pupil
I
lense
I
Vitrous body
I
Retina
I
Optic nerve
I
Optic chiasma
I
Optic tract
I
Lateral geniculate body
I
Optic radiation
I
Visual cortex cerebrum - broadmanns are no 17
Function of rods
1. Rods function at low light intensities and are
responsible for night (scotopic) vision
2. Rods have a much low level of visual acquity
Cones function
1. cones function at high intensities and are
responsible for day (photopic) vision
2. cones have a high level of visual acquity.
3. cones are involved with colour vision.
Layers of Retina
Common disorders of eye
Myopia - concave lens
Hypermetropia- convex lens
Presbyopia- bifocal lens
Astigmatism - cylindrical lens
Night blindness
Cataract
Glaucoma
Refractive media of the eye