PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION

Rodmhel D. Merencillo
Faisah Pangcoga
Nikki M. Muego
 PHILOSOPHY

It is an activity in which people undertake

when they seek to understand fundamental
truths about themselves, the world in which
they live, and their relationships to the world
and to each other.
The philosophy of education is a branch of
philosophy that critically examines the
nature of education and the problems
associated with it.

The philosophy of education is divided into

three categories: teacher-centric, student-
centric, and society-centric.
 PERENNIALISM
It is a teacher-centered philosophy that
believes in teaching great works. The
teachers are not concerned about the
students' interests or experiences.
A concrete example is a teacher discusses a
famous philosopher of his great works. The
students will then afterwards explain to class
on their own point of view and to think
rationally and critically.
 PROGRESSIVISM
It is a student-centric philosophy that
believes in learning by experimentation. It
believes that learning comes from finding
answers to questions.
An example for this philosophy is a teacher
will conduct an experiment and a task to be
done by the students. Whatever the results
of the experiment, they will definitely make
a conclusion afterwards.
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM
This philosophy of education is a student-
centric approach that focuses on world
matters.
An example for this philosophy is students
from a specific school will conduct a rally
for a cause because they’ve found out
certain anomalies in the government such as
corruption.
 ESSENTIALISM
Also considered similar to perennialism,
this educational philosophy focuses on the
training and development of teachers.
An example of essentialism would be
lecture based introduction taught at
universities. Students sit and take notes in a
classroom which holds over one hundred
students. They take introductory level
courses in order to introduce them to the
content.
 BEHAVIORISM
It is a teacher-centered philosophy that
closely follows the philosophy of realism.
A common example of behaviorism is
positive reinforcement. A student gets a
small treat if they get 100% on their spelling
test. In the future, students work hard and
study for their test in order to get the reward.
 CONSTRUCTIVISM
It is an educational philosophy that focuses
on students and emphasizes on hands-on
learning.
Examples of constructivist classroom
activities include:
Allow pairs of students to teach each other.
Learners pose their own questions and seek
answers to their questions via research and
direct observation
 CONSERVATISM
This philosophy preserves the traditional
curriculum, aiming to transmit information
to the students as a means of bringing them
into an already established culture.
 HUMANISM
Humanism is defined as a philosophy of
life that emphasizes the importance of
seeing the "whole" person and seeing the
inherent unique qualities of each
individual.  
Some examples of humanistic education in
action include: Teachers can help students
set learning goals at the beginning of the
year, and then help design pathways for
students to reach their goals. Students are in
charge of their learning, and teachers can
help steer them in the right direction.
 EXISTENTIALISM
This philosophy believes that every
individual is unique and education must
cater to the individual differences.
Examples of existentialism include
believing in individual choice, believing you
can choose your own meaning of life,
questioning the existence of god, and falling
into despair due to overwhelm at having to
define your own life.