Buffer Solution

Green University of Bangladesh

Department of
Computer Science & Engineering

Presenting to

MD. MOHIN UDDIN

Lecturer - Chemistry
 Green University of Bangladesh
Department of
Computer Science & Engineering

The presenters
Name: Jahidul Islam Sarzil Muntaha
Std ID: 221002504 ID:221002196

Sanglap Barai
ID:221002478
 What is Buffer Solution?

Types of Buffer Solution

Mechanism of Buffering
Action
contents
Table of
Buffering Capacity

Preparation of Buffer Solution

pH Maintenance

Handerson-Hasselbalch
Equation Uses of Buffer Solutions
Definition

A buffer is a solution that can resist pH change

upon the addition of an acidic or basic components.
 Types of buffers:

The two primary types into which buffer solutions are broadly classified into
two buffers.

Acidic buffer Alkaline buffer

 Acidic buffer

An acidic buffer is a combination of weak acid and its salt with a strong
base.
• pH of these solutions is below 7
• These solutions consist of a weak acid and a salt of a weak acid.

EXAMPLES:
• CH3COOH /CH3COONA
• H2CO3/NAHCO3
• HCOOH/HCOONA
 Alkaline Buffers

Solutions which are used to maintain basic conditions. Basic buffer has a basic
pH and is prepared by mixing a weak base and its salt with strong acid.

• The pH of these solutions is above 7

• Contains a weak base and a salt of the weak base.
Examples:
1. NH4OH/NH4CI
2. NH3/NH4CI
Buffering Action

The ability of the buffer solution to resist the changes

in pH value when a small amount of an acid or a
base is added to it

1. On addition of acid, the released protons of acid will be removed by the acetate ions to form an acetic acid molecule.

H+ + CH3COO– (from added acid) ⇌ CH3COOH (from buffer solution)

2. On addition of the base, the hydroxide released by the base will be removed by the hydrogen ions to form water.

HO– + H+ (from added base) ⇌ H2O (from buffer solution)

Mechanism of Buffering Action

ACIDIC Buffer: CH3COOH + CH3COONA

When H+ is added to the buffer:

CH3COOH CH3 COO - + H+

CH3COONA CH3 COO- + Na+
Acetate ion will be common

• If acid is added [H+]

H++ CH3 COO- CH3COOH
• If acid is added [OH-]

OH- + H+ H2O
Mechanism of Buffering Action

BASIC BUFFER: NH4OH+ NH4CL

NH4OH NH4+ + OH-
NH4Cl NH4+ + Cl-
Ammonium ion will be common

• IF ACID [H+]
H+ + OH- H2O
• IF BASE [OH-]
NH4+ + OH- NH4OH
Buffering Capacity

The number of millimoles of acid or base to be added to a liter

of buffer solution to change the pH by one unit is the Buffer
capacity of that buffer solution.
 pH Maintenance

• When strong acids are added, the H+ ions combine with

the CH3COO– ions to give a weakly ionized acetic acid,
resulting in a negligible change in the pH of the
environment.

• When strongly alkaline substances are introduced to this

buffer solution, the hydroxide ions react with the acids
which are free in the solution to form water.

CH3COOH + OH– ⇌ CH3COO– + H2O

pH Maintenance

In this example, the sodium acetate almost completely undergoes

ionization whereas the acetic acid is only weakly ionized.
These equilibrium reactions can be written as:

CH3COOH ⇌ H+ + CH3COO–
CH3COONa ⇌ Na+ + CH3COO–
 Uses of Buffer Solutions

There exists a few alternate names that are used to refer buffer
solutions, such as pH buffers or hydrogen ion buffers.

 Use of bicarbonate and carbonic acid buffer system in order to

regulate the pH of animal blood.

 Buffer solutions are also used to maintain an optimum pH for enzyme

activity in many organisms.

 The absence of these buffers may lead to the slowing of the enzyme
action, loss in enzyme properties, or even denature of the enzymes.
This denaturation process can even permanently deactivate the
catalytic action of the enzymes.
How Buffer can resist the change in pH
 References

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_solution
• https://www.khanacademy.org/
• https://byjus.com/
• https://chemistrytalk.org/
• https://www.toppr.com/
• Youtube