CAST ANALYSIS AND SPACE SUPERVISION

Dr. Sadia Rizwan

Asst. Professor
Department of
Orthodontics
DIKIOHS
 ORTHODONTIC STUDY MODELS

• Orthodontic study models are accurate plaster

reproductions of teeth and their surrounding
soft tissues
• These are essential diagnostic aid that make it
possible to study the arrangement of teeth
and the occlusion from all directions .
 USES OF STUDY MODEL
• They enable study of occlusion from all aspect
• Symmetry
• Space analysis
• Analyze bolton discrepency
• Mixed dentition analysis
• Diagnostic setup
 REQUISITES OF STUDY MODELS

• Should accurately reproduce all the teeth and

soft tissues without any distortion.
• Should be trimmed symmetrical on either side.
• Should reproduce the alveolar process as much
as possible.
 ABO (1990) Guidelines

1. Base of the maxillary

cast is trimmed parallel
to the occlusal plane.
2. Upper & lower cast
base should be parallel.
 Cast analysis
• Cast in occlusion

• Cast apart
 CAST APART ANALYSIS
CAST APART
• Arch form
• Arch symmetry
• Teeth present
• Teeth absent
• Crowding
• Spacing
• Buccoversion / linguoversion
• Supraversion / infraversion
• Torsiversion
• Transposition
• Proclined
• Retroclined
ARCH FORM
ARCH SYMMETRY
CAST ANALYSIS NO 1
________________________
CASTS APART
MANDIBULAR ARCH
Arch form: ___________________ Arch Symmetry: __________________
Teeth present: __________________ Teeth missing: ____________________
Crowding (mm)_________________ Spacing (mm): ____________________
Labial frenum___________________Lingual frenum ___________________
Proclined ______________________ Retroclined ______________________
Buccoversion: __________________ Linguoversion: ___________________
Torsiversion____________________Torus mandibularis: ________________
Any other anomaly: ______________________________________________
MAXILLARY ARCH
Arch form: ___________________ Arch Symmetry: ____________________
Palatal Vault: _________________ Labial Frenum: _____________________
Teeth present: _________________ Teeth missing: _____________________
Crowding (mm)_________________ Spacing (mm): ____________________
Proclined _______________________ Retroclined ______________________
Buccoversion: __________________ Linguoversion: ____________________
Torsiversion_____________________Torus palatinus: ___________________
Any other anomaly: _______________________________________________
CASTS IN OCCLUSION
Incisor Relationship: _____________________________________________
Cuspid relation: Left side ______________ Right side ______________
Molar relation Left side ______________ Right side ______________
Overjet (mm) _____________ Overbite (mm) _________________________
Cross bite ______________________________________________________
Dental midline relation: ___________________________________________
SHAPE OF PALATAL VAULT
SPACE ANALYSIS
• Space analysis requires a comparison between
the amount of space available for the
alignment of the teeth and the amount of
space required to align them properly in the
dental arches .
• The analysis can be done either manually on
plaster dental casts or with a computer system
by using virtual digital casts.
PERMANENT DENTITION MIXED DENTITION

• Arch Perimeter analysis • Moyer’s Mixed dentition

• Carey’s analysis analysis
• • Tanaka and Johnston
Ashley Howe’s analysis
analysis
• Pont’s analysis
• Nance mixed dentition
• Linder Harth Analysis
analysis
• Korkhaus Analysis • Huckaba mixed dentition
• Bolton analysis analysis
 Arch Perimeter Analysis
Tooth Material and Arch Length Discrepancy (ALD)
Many malocclusions occur due to discrepancy between arch
length & tooth material.
• It is done in the upper arch
• Two measurements are required for intra- maxillary analysis of
space requirement:
1. Calculation of space required
2. Calculation of space available

Arch perimeter is the geometrical dental arc formed by teeth at

their incisal / cuspal edges
PROCEDURE:
DETERMINATION OF SPACE REQUIRED:
Measure the mesiodistal dimension of all the teeth mesial to
the first molar (54321│12345)

DETERMINATION OF SPACE AVAILABLE:

1. Measure the arch perimeter using brass wire. From
mesiobuccal line angle of maxillary right first molar , pass the
wire along the buccal cusp and incisal edges in the anterior
region, ‘pass the wire on the left quadrant like a mirror image
till the mesiobuccal line angle of the left maxillary first molar.
2. Mark the wire and measure the wire, which gives the
space available.
• In case of proclined incisors, pass the brass
wire in the cingulum region, and if the anterior
teeth are retroclined, pass the wire labial to
them like a smooth curve.
Space available
DETERMINATION OF THE DISCREPANCY
• The difference between the space required and
space available gives the arch discrepancy or
excess.
• If the tooth material is more than the arch length,
the space available for alignment is not sufficient
results in crowding.
• If the tooth material is less than the space then there
can be spacing
 Carey’s Space Analysis
The arch length-tooth material discrepancy is the main cause
for most malocclusions.
This discrepancy can be calculated with the help of Carey’s
analysis.
The analysis is carried out in the lower arch.
Negative value = space deficiency.
Positive value = space excess.
 BOLTON ANALYSIS
•Bolton considered the ratio of the tooth material of the
maxillary arch to the mandibular arch i.e. M-D widths of
upper & lower teeth by nature have predetermined
proportions to maintain normal occlusal relationship

•An alteration in this balance will lead to improper

intercuspation, overjet or spacing
•This helps us in determming disproportions in the size
between maxillary and mandibular teeth
Overall Ratio (X) = Sum of Mandibular 12 x 100 (Normal 91.3)
Sum of Maxillary 12
= ___________________ X 100 = _________________
 
If X > 91.3
Desired Sum of Mandibular 12 = Actual Sum of Maxillary 12 x 91.3
100
= ____________________________mm
 
Amount of overall excessive Mandibular tooth material
= Actual sum of Mandibular 12 – Desired Sum of Mandibular 12
= __________________mm
 
If X < 91.3
Desired Sum of Maxillary 12 = Actual Sum of Mandibular 12 x 100
91.3
= ____________________________mm
 
Amount of overall Excessive Maxillary tooth material
= Actual sum of Maxillary 12 – Desired Sum of Maxillary 12
= __________________mm
Anterior Ratio (Y) = Sum of Mandibular 6x 100 (Normal 77.2)
Sum of Maxillary 6
= ___________________ x 100 = _________________
 
If Y> 77.2
Desired Sum of Mandibular 6 = Actual Sum of Maxillary 6 x 77.2
100
= ____________________________mm
 
Amount of overall excessive Mandibular tooth material
= Actual sum of Mandibular 6 – Desired Sum of Mandibular 6
= __________________mm
 
If Y < 77.2
Desired Sum of Maxillary 6 = Actual Sum of Mandibular 6 x 100
77.2
= ____________________________mm
 
Amount of overall Excessive Maxillary tooth material
= Actual sum of Maxillary 6 – Desired Sum of Maxillary 6
= __________________mm
• A tooth size discrepancy of less than 1.5 mm is
rarely significant, but larger discrepancies
create treatment problems and must be
included in the orthodontic problem list.
 Mixed Dentition Analysis:
Estimation of the size of unerupted permanent teeth by three basic
approaches
Radiographic method:
• Nance method
• Huckaba method
Proportionality tables:
• Moyer’s prediction tables
• Tanaka & Johnston prediction value
• Ballard and Wylie
Combination of radiographic & prediction table method:
• Hixon & Oldfather prediction graph
• Staley & Kerber prediction
 Moyers Mixed Dentition Analysis
•There is a reasonably good correlation b/w the
size of erupted permanent incisors and the
unerupted canines & premolars.
•The lower permanent incisors are measured
and the mesio-distal widths of unerupted
permanent upper and lower canines and
premolars is derived from the probability chart.
•The mandibular incisors are chosen for
measuring as they are the first teeth to erupt in
the mixed dentition period.
 ADVANTAGES
• Less time consuming
• Requires no special equipment or radiographic
projections.
• Although best done on dental casts, it can be
done with reasonable accuracy in the mouth,
• May be used for both dental arches
Moyer’s prediction table
 Tanaka and Johnston Analysis
•The prediction of the size of the unerupted canines and the
premolars can also be done with the Tanaka Johnston
analysis.
• Technique involves simple, easily repeated procedure
with minimum material requirement.
• Prediction chart and radiograph is not required
Huckaba’s mixed dentition analysis
his analysis makes use of a radiograph and study cast to
determine the width of unerupted teeth.
A simple proportional relationship can be established as
follows
THANKYOU !!