Concepts :

TENSES,GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Session 1
Concepts :
TENSES :
In grammar, tense is a category that expresses time reference with reference to the
moment of speaking Tenses are usually manifested by the use of specific forms of
verbs, particularly in their conjugation patterns.

The main tenses found in many languages include the past, present, and future

The past is used to describe things that have already happened (e.g., earlier in the
day, yesterday, last week, three years ago). The present tense is used to describe
things that are happening right now, or things that are continuous.

The future tense describes things that have yet to happen (e.g., later, tomorrow, next
week, next year, three years from now).
Concepts:
TYPES OF TENSES:
•The Present Tenses
Simple Present
Present Perfect
Present Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous

•The Past Tenses

Simple Past
Past Perfect
Past Continuous
Past Perfect Continuous
Concepts:

•The Future Tenses

Simple Future
Future Perfect
Future Continuous
Future Perfect Continuous
Concepts:
Gerunds
A gerund is a verb in its ing (present participle) form that functions as a noun
that names an activity rather than a person or thing. Any action verb can be
made into a gerund.

Spelling Tip
Verbing (Present Participle)
Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barking
For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex: slide > sliding, ride >
riding
Concepts:
For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tying
For a verb whose last syllable is written with a consonant-vowel-consonant and is
stressed, double the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging, begin >
beginning. However: enter > entering (last syllable is not stressed).

Gerund Examples :

Jogging is a hobby of mine.

Daniel quit smoking a year ago
I look forward to helping you paint the house.
Concepts:
Infinitives :

An infinitive is a verb form that acts as other parts of speech in a sentence. It is

formed with to + base form of the verb. Ex: to buy, to work.

Infinitive Examples:

Jim always forgets to eat

To travel around the world requires a lot of time and money.
You promised to buy me a diamond ring.
Question 01:

When you phoned, I _______ in the garage.

A. worked
B. am working
C. was working
D. work

Answer: C
Question 02:

You _______ an accident if you go on driving like that.

A. are having
B. will have
C. would have
D. May have

Answer: B
Question 03:

I will follow you wherever you _______.

A. go
B. goes
C. will go
D. went

Answer:
B
Question 04:

Phone me when you _______ time.

A. have
B. would have
C. will have
D. had

Answer: A
Question 05:

She said that she _______ help me.

A. will
B. shall
C. would
D. should

Answer: C
Question 06 :

I am learning _______ English.

A. speak
B. To speak
C. speaking
D. For speaking

Answer: B
Question 07:

Do you mind _______ me a hand?

A. give
B. To give
C. In giving
D. giving

Answer: D
Question 08:

She helped me _______ my suitcases.

A. to carry
B. carrying
C. In carrying
D. For carrying

Answer: A
Question 09:

He decided _______ biology.

A. studying
B. study
C. To study
D. In studying

Answer: C
Question 10:

I promise _______ you tomorrow.

A. help
B. To help
C. helping
D. Will help

Answer: B
Question 11:

We discussed _______ to the cinema, but in the end we stayed at home.

A. going
B. To go
C. In going
D. go

Answer: A
Question 12:

She agreed _______ the pudding to the dinner.

A. bring
B. bringing
C. To bring
D. In bringing

Answer: C
Question 13:

I don't recommend _______ the bus - it takes forever!

A. take
B. taking
C. To take
D. In taking

Answer: B
Question 14:

We hope _______ Amsterdam next month.

A. visit
B. To visit
C. visiting
D. In visiting

Answer: B
Question 15:

They plan _______ college in the autumn.

A. starting
B. start
C. To start
D. In starting

Answer: C