CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

 Perspective of Nursing and
Midwifery Students of
Marinduque State College in the
legalization of abortion in the
Philippines
● Abortion is controversial. The poles of
contention between prohibition and
legalization or decriminalization has
been a long-standing debate in the
Philippines and has been in the social
discourse for decades. According to
Corrales (2022, while the pundits and
legislators are busy defending their
standpoints on the issue, many women
are suffering daily from health risks
and lack of choices which clearly
violates
the reproductive rights of
women.
● Abortion is defined in three lenses as medical, legal,
and theological (moralistic), all converging into a
common line that it is to terminate pregnancy. This
common thread resounds the legal basis of
prohibition of abortion in the Philippines both as
stated in the 1987 Constitution and the Revised Penal
Code. According to Cambridge Dictionary,
Legalization would mean that such activities, and use
and possession, would be regulated by states’ norms,
in the same way that it is legal to use alcohol and
tobacco.
● On the other hand, as defined first in medicine, abortion is a
“procedure to end a pregnancy”, maintaining that it “uses
medicine or surgery to remove the embryo or fetus and placenta
from the uterus” and that the “procedure is done by a licensed
health care professional” (Gonzales, Nollenberger, et. al., 2018).
Usually this is called medical abortion where it is done because
a woman has some medical conditions or to some extent, she
does not want to continue theVenus pregnancy. The medical field also
considers miscarriage Venus
as abortion
has a beautifulalbeit
name spontaneous.
and is the second planet
from the Sun
● Throughout the world, there are countries which allows
abortion. The Phillipines however is not one of these
countries. According to Article II of the 1987
Philippine Constitution states partly in Section 12 that
“The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and
shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic
autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect
the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from
conception.
 In addition to the Constitutional
mandate, abortion in the Philippines
is criminalized by law in Articles
256, 258 and 259 of the Revised
Penal Code (RPC) of the Philippines
provides imprisonment for women
who undergo abortion, and for any
person who assists in the procedure.
In Article 258 of the RPC, imposition
of higher prison term on the woman
or her parents if the abortion was
committed "in order to conceal [the
woman's] dishonor”.
As to medical abortion, there is no law in
the Philippines that authorizes it
expressly, in order to save the life of a
woman. As it follows, thegeneral
provisions which do penalize abortion
make no qualifications if the life of the
woman is endangered in anyway. It may
be contended, although no adjudication
of the Supreme Court can be found, that
an abortion to save the life of a woman
could be considered a justifying
circumstance in Article 11 of the RPC for
the medical practitioner in fulfillment of
a duty, that would bar criminal
prosecution.
 Types of parental leave

Venus Jupiter
Venus is the second It’s the biggest planet in
planet from the Sun the Solar System

Mars Saturn
Despite being red, Mars Saturn is a gas giant
is a cold place and has several rings
Ironically, while abortion is prohibited and
criminalized in the Philippines, it is revealed in
studies after studies that the country has the highest
rates of abortion as compared to jurisdictions where it
is legal (Cohen, 2019). In 2016, the Department of
Health initiated a policy, the National Policy on the
Prevention and Management of Abortion
Complications or the new PMAC policy, to guide the
provision of post abortion care in public and private
health facilities and promote its integration with other
reproductive health program. The policy recognized
that there are abortions happening and hat because it
is prohibited and criminalized, usually the act is made
in clandestine and unsafe manner that puts the
woman at risk.
Thank You!
Harlene Joyce Rey
STEM 12-A