GIS/RS App.

To Civil Engineering (Geo info/Engg)

Lecture No. # 05
GIS Layers

Afed Ullah Khan, PhD

Lecturer
CED, UET Bannu

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 Outline
1. Object view vs field view

2. Raster model vs. vector model

3. Components of vector model

4. Network and TIN model

5. Spatial big data

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense
 1. Spatial data models

GIS Layers
• GIS is composed of five layers from system perspectives.

• There are two different view of

the space, object view or field
view
• In object view, the space is
composed of discrete objects
with boundaries or paths or point
locations etc.
• In field view, space is filled up
with continuous phenomenon
like elevation, precipitation rate
etc.
• For object view of vector model
of point line polygon is suitable.
For field view, a raster model is
generally more appropriate.

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 2. Object view vs field view

Object view vs field view

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 2. Object view vs field view

Object view vs field view

Field view

Object view

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 3. Vector vs raster model

Object view vs field view

Land
Parcel
data

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 3. Vector vs raster model

Object view vs field view

LULC

DEM

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 4. Components of vector models

Components of vector models

vector spatial
component
Attribute data

efficient processing
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 4. Components of vector models

Topology

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 4. Components of vector models

Topology

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 4. Components of vector models

Topological data model

Point_ID X_coord Y_coord

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 5. Network and TIN

What is network?

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 4.
5. Components
Network andof
TINvector models

Graph data structure

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 5.
4. Network
Components
and of
TINvector models

Graph data structure

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 5.
4. Network
Components
and of
TINvector models

What is TIN?

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 5.
4. Network
Components
and of
TINvector models

What is TIN?

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 4.
5. Components
Network andof
TINvector models

What is TIN?

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

Models for spatial big data

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

Models for spatial big data

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

Models for spatial big data

• How to produce spatial data.

There are numerous ways of
building and collecting spatial
data and spatial big data.
• Conventional surveying method
• GPS
• Sensor data and check-in check-
out
• For raster data, aerial
photogrammetry and earth
observing Satellite Imaging
system are the methods, and
recently LiDAR and Radar system
is intensively used for 3D spatial
data production.

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

• Spatial data analysis include

methods from basic spatial data
processing to highly advanced
data analytics.
• Measurement of length and area,
and geo-processing such as
intersection union and clipping
they are basic spatial processing.
• Proximity and accessibility
analysis to a certain service.
• Spatial autocorrelation
• Spatial interpolation
• Spatial categorization including
classification clustering, and hot
spot analysis.
• Spatial factor analysis
• Terrain analysis
• Network analysis
PhD Thesis Pre-Defense
 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

Spatial aggregation
Spatial aggregation is the aggregation of all data points for a group of resources over a
specified period (the granularity). Data aggregations in Group Time Series reports are
of the spatial aggregation type.
The result of the aggregation is one data point that reflects some statistical view of the
collected and aggregated data points — for
example, average, minimum, maximum, sum, or count. Typically, multiple aggregated
data points are presented in a report for the given reporting period.

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

Spatial aggregation

This figure shows spatial aggregation where Granularity = Polling Period (5 minutes)

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

• Information dissemination and

delivery
• Map elements
• Map animation deliver the spatial
change over time
• Web mapping systems for spatial
information delivery

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

• Thematic map
• A thematic map is a type of map that portrays the geographic pattern of a
particular subject matter (theme) in a geographic area.
• This usually involves the use of map symbols to visualize selected properties of
geographic features that are not naturally visible, such as temperature, language, or
population.

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

 4.
6. Components
Spatial big data
of vector models

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense

谢谢！

PhD Thesis Pre-Defense