PREVENTION, DETECTION AND

TREATMENT OF SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED DISEASES
PREPARED BY:

MS. KRISTINE KAYE M. VENTURA

WHAT IS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE?
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (STD)

•  DISEASE CAUSED BY INFECTION WITH CERTAIN BACTERIA,

VIRUSES, OR OTHER MICROORGANISMS THAT CAN BE PASSED
FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER THROUGH BLOOD, SEMEN,
VAGINAL FLUIDS, OR OTHER BODY FLUIDS, DURING ORAL, ANAL,
OR GENITAL SEX WITH AN INFECTED PARTNER.
SYPHILIS

• SYPHILIS IS A BACTERIAL SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION (STI) CAUSED

BY TREPONEMA PALLIDUM WHICH RESULTS IN SUBSTANTIAL MORBIDITY AND
MORTALITY, AND IT IS CURABLE. SYPHILIS IS TRANSMITTED THROUGH SEXUAL
CONTACT WITH THE INFECTIOUS LESIONS, VIA BLOOD TRANSFUSION OR FROM
A PREGNANT WOMAN TO HER FETUS.
 SYPHILIS
• THE DISEASE HAS AN INCUBATION PERIOD ABOUT A FEW WEEKS TO SEVERAL
MONTHS AND OCCURS IN SEVERAL STAGES BEFORE IT TURNS INTO A
DANGEROUS CONDITION.
SYPHILIS
• A PAINLESS SORE KNOWN AS CHANCRE INITIALLY DEVELOPS AT THE SITE OF
INFECTION, TYPICALLY ON THE GENITALS, MOUTH OR RECTUM.

• THE SECOND STAGE OCCURS SEVERAL WEEKS LATER AND IS

CHARACTERIZED BY FEVER AND SKIN RASH THAT BEGINS IN THE TRUNK AND
COVERS THE ENTIRE BODY.

• IF LEFT UNTREATED FOR YEARS, IT WILL PRODUCE NEURAL LESIONS THAT

CAN CAUSE EXTENSIVE DAMAGE TO THE NERVOUS TISSUE LEADING TO
PARALYSIS, MENTAL DISORDER, OR DEATH.
SYPHILIS
• CONGENITAL SYPHILIS IS CONTRACTED BY BABIES BORN TO AN INFECTED
MOTHER.

• SOME OF THE SYMPTOMS EXPERIENCED BY INFECTED BABIES INCLUDE

DEAFNESS, TOOTH DEFORMITIES, AND COLLAPSE OF THE NOSE BRIDGE.

• ANTIBIOTICS ARE USED TO TREAT THE INITIAL STAGES OF SYPHILIS AND STOP
IT FROM PROGRESSING. LONGER CASES OF SYPHILIS REQUIRE HIGHER
DOSAGE OF ANTIBIOTICS.
TREATING AND CURING SYPHILIS
• PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SYPHILIS ARE EASY TO TREAT WITH A PENICILLIN
INJECTION. PENICILLIN IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY USED ANTIBIOTICS AND IS
USUALLY EFFECTIVE IN TREATING SYPHILIS. PEOPLE WHO ARE ALLERGIC TO
PENICILLIN WILL LIKELY BE TREATED WITH A DIFFERENT ANTIBIOTIC, SUCH AS: 

DOXYCYCLINE
CEFTRIAXONE
SYPHILIS
GONORRHEA

• GONORRHEA IS A SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (STD) CAUSED BY

INFECTION WITH THE NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE. GONORRHOEAE INFECTS
THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT, INCLUDING THE
CERVIX, UTERUS, AND FALLOPIAN TUBES IN WOMEN, AND THE URETHRA IN
WOMEN AND MEN.
GONORRHEA
• THIS RESULTS IN A DISCHARGE CALLED PUS. GONORRHEA CAN ALSO AFFECT
OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY SUCH AS RECTUM, EYES, THROAT AND JOINTS.

• IT AFFECTS MOSTLY ADULTS, GONORRHEA MAY ALSO BE CONTRACTED TO

BABIES BORN TO AN INFECTED MOTHER.

• IT NORMALLY TAKES A WEEK TO NOTICE THE SYMPTOMS .

• IN MEN, THERE MAY BE A BURNING SENSATION DURING URINATION, PAIN OR
SWELLING IN ONE TESTICLE, AND A PUS DISCHARGE IN YHE URETHRAL OPENING.
GONORRHEA

• WOMEN USUALLY DO NOT EXPERIENCE ANY SYMPTOMS IN EARLY STAGES,

BUT MAY EXPERIENCE INCREASED VAGINAL DISCHARGE, PAINFUL URINATION,
VAGINAL BLEEDING IN BETWEEN PERIODS, AND ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC PAIN.
IF LEFT UNTREATED GONORRHEA COULD LEAD TO PELVIC INFLAMMATORY
DISEASE. ANTIBIOTICS ATRE USED TO TREAT THIS DISEASE.
GONORRHEA
GENITAL HERPES
• GENITAL HERPES IS AN INFECTION CAUSED BY HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS-2 (HSV-2). THE
INFECTION IS CHARACTERIZED BY PAINFUL, ITCHING, LESIONS AND BLISTER-LIKE
ERUPTIONS IN THE GENITAL AREA THAT OCCUR 10 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE TO AN
INFECTED SEXUAL PARTNER.

• THESE SORES TAKE ABOUT TWO WEEKS TO HEAL AND MAY RECUR.
• SOME INFECTED INDIVIDUALS MAY NOT EXPERIENCE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS AND YET MAY
BE CONTAGIOUS.

• THE VIRUS MAY STAY DORMANT IN THE BODY BUT MAY ACTIVATE DUE TO STRESS OR
ILLNESS. GENITAL HERPES IS INCURABLE
GENITAL HERPES
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
• AIDS IS CAUSED BY A VIRUS KNOWN AS THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS (HIV) WHICH ATTACKS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM.

• THE DISEASE WAS FIRST REPORTED IN 1981 AND CONTINUES TO PERSIST

UNTIL TODAY SINCE NO CURE IS AVAILABLE.

• AIDS IS TRANSMITTED THROUGH CONTACT WITH BODY FLUIDS CONTAINING

THE VIRUS, SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, SHARING OF CONTAMINATED NEEDLES,
RECEIVING OF CONTAMINATED BLOOD VIA TRANSFUSION, OR BIRTH FROM AN
INFECTED MOTHER.
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
• IT HAS A LATENCY PERIOD OF 5 TO 10 YEARS BEFORE IT BECOMES A FULL
BLOWN DISEASE. IN THE EARLY STAGES, HIV INFECTED INDIVIDUALS DO NOT
SHOW SYMPTOMS OF INFECTION.

• AIDS RELATED SYMPTOMS IN THE LATER STAGE INCLUDE WEIGHT LOSS

ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEA, SWOLLEN LYMPH GLANDS, CHRONIC-LOW
GRADE FEVER, FATIGUE, AND NIGHT SWEATS.

• IN THE INFECTION SUCH AS PNEUMONIA, TUBERCOLOSIS, OR FUNGAL

INFECTIONS IN THE LUNG OR THROAT
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)

• THERE IS NO KNOWN CURE FOR AIDS, BUT A PROMPT MEDICAL STTENTION

CAN REDUCE OR DELAY THE ONSET OF SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS.

• RESEARCHERS ARE BEING CONDUCTED TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE

MECHANISM OF THE DISEASE. THERE ARE AVAILABLE DRUGS THAT ARE MEANT
TO INHIBIT REPRODUCTION OF THE VIRUS AND CONTROL THEIR ABILITY TO
SPREAD, AND SOME THAT CAN CRIPPLE THE VIRUS FROM BEING FUNCTIONAL.
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)