REVIEW

 WHAT IS MORTALITY?
 WHAT IS MORBIDITY?
 GIVE THE TOP 3 LEADING
CAUSES OF MORTALITY AND
MORBIDITY.
WHAT IS COMMUNICABLE DISEASE?
 READ, ANALYZE, AND REACT
ONE MONDAY AFTERNOON, WHEN MY BROTHER
ARRIVED FROM SCHOOL, HE SAID THAT HE IS NOT
FEELING WELL AND HE HAS FEVER. OUR MOTHER
GAVE HIM MEDICINE TO LOWER THE FEVER . AFTER A
WHILE, RASHES CAME OUT. I SUSPECTED IT WAS
SOMETHING LIKE MEASLES. MOM LET HIM STAY IN
HIS ROOM SO AS SPREAD THE VIRUS THAT HE MIGHT
HAVE.
 I ASKED HIM WHAT HAPPENED IN SCHOOL. HE
SAID THAT MAYBE THERE WERE SOME SPIRITS
DISTURBED WHILE THEY WERE PLANTING DURING
THEIR AGRICULTURE CLASS. HE STILL REMEMBERED
THE STORY OF OUR GRANDMOTHER WITH THE SAME
INCIDENT WHEN THEY WERE PLANTING IN THE
FARM. HE SAID THAT HE NEEDED TO GET SOME SOIL
AND RUB IT TO HIS BODY TO RECOVER
IMMEDIATELY.
• DO YOU THINK THAT THE CAUSE OF HIS RASHES IS
THE DISTURBED SPIRIT?
• DO YOU AGREE THAT DIGGING SOIL TROUBLED SOME
SPIRIT?
• DO YOU BELIEVE THAT RUBBING SOIL TO HIS BODY
WILL HELP HIM RECOVER FROM SICKNESS?
• WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE BEST THING TO DO
WHEN YOU ARE SICK?
LESSON 3: MOST COMMON
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
AND ITS PREVENTION AND
CONTROL
 WHAT ARE COMMUNICABLE DISEASES?

• A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE OR INFECTIOUS

DISEASE IS ANY ILLNESS, THAT YOU CAN
‘CATCH’ OR CAN BE PASSED FROM ONE
PERSON TO ANOTHER.
 WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES AND ITS INFECTIOUS AGENT?

1. ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

- INFECTION IN THE UPPER OR LOWER RESPIRATORY
TRACT THAT PREVENTS NORMAL BREATHING
INFECTIOUS AGENT
• ADENOVIRUSES
• RHINOVIRUSES
• PNEUMOCOCCUS
2. PNEUMONIA
- INFECTION OF THE LUNGS WHEREIN THE AIR
SAC OR ALVEOLI ARE FILLED WITH PUS AND FLUID
WHICH LIMITS OXYGEN INTAKE.
INFECTIOUS AGENT
• BACTERIA
• VIRUSES
• FUNGI
3. BRONCHITIS
- INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIAL TUBES,
THE AIR PASSAGES BETWEEN THE NOSE AND THE
LUNGS.
INFECTIOUS AGENT
• VIRUSES
• BACTERIA
• IRRITANT PARTICLES
4. INFLUENZA (FLU)

- A HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS VIRAL

INFECTION AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM.
INFECTIOUS AGENT
• FLU VIRUS (TYPE A, B, AND C)
5. TUBERCULOSIS

- AN INFECTIOUS BACTERIAL DISEASE

THAT COMMONLY AFFECTS THE LUNGS
INFECTIOUS AGENT
• BACTERIA (MYCOBACTERIUM
TUBERCULOSIS)
6. DENGUE

- IS A MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASE MOSTLY

OCCURRING IN TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL
AREAS
INFECTIOUS AGENT
• DENGUE VIRUS (FOUR STRAINS)
7. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI)
- INFECTIONS THAT CAN BE ACQUIRED PREDOMINANTLY
THROUGH UNPROTECTED SEXUAL CONTACT.
EXAMPLES ARE CHLAMYDIA, GONORRHEA, SYPHILIS, AND HERPES.
INFECTIOUS AGENT
• BACTERIA
• VIRUSES
• FUNGI
• PROTOZOA
8. HIV AND AIDS
- AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME)
IS A CHRONIC LIFE-THREATENING CONDITION CAUSED BY
THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV).
HIV WEAKENS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BY DESTROYING
IMPORTANT CELLS THAT FIGHT DISEASES AND INFECTIONS.
AIDS IS THE FINAL STAGE OF HIV INFECTION.
INFECTIOUS AGENT
• HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS OF THE MOST
COMMON COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES?
 ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

•CONGESTION EITHER IN THE

NASAL SINUSES OR LUNGS,
RUNNY NOSE, COUGH, SORE
THROAT, BODY ACHES, FATIGUE
 PNEUMONIA
• CHILLS, HIGH FEVER, DYSPNEA, PLEURITIC
CHEST PAIN WORSENED BY DEEP
INSPIRATION, COUGH, CRACKLES AND
WHEEZES HEARD ON BREATH SOUNDS
 BRONCHITIS
• PERSISTENT COUGH LASTING FOR
WEEKS, WHEEZING, CHEST
DISCOMFORT, LOW FEVER AND CHILLS,
SORE THROAT, BODY ACHES, BLOCKED
NOSE AND SINUSES
 INFLUENZA (FLU)
• SUDDEN ONSET OF HIGH FEVER LASTING FOR
THREE TO FIVE DAYS; HEADACHE, MUSCLE ACHE,
AND JOINT PAINS; DRY COUGH; CHILLS; FATIGUE;
MALAISE (NOT FEELING WELL), NASAL
CONGESTION
 TUBERCULOSIS
• COUGH THAT IS WORSE IN THE MORNING AND
LASTS THREE WEEKS OR LONGER (SOMETIMES
WITH BLOOD IN THE SPUTUM), CHEST PAIN,
BREATHLESSNESS, NIGHT SWEATS, SIGNS OF
PNEUMONIA, WEIGHT LOSS, WEAKNESS OF FATIGUE
 DENGUE
• FEVER UP TO 41 DEGREE CELSIUS,
HEADACHES, MUSCLE, BONES AND JOINT
PAIN, PAIN BEHIND YOUR EYES, WIDESPREAD
RASH, NAUSEA AND VOMITING, MINOR
BLEEDING FROM YOUR GUMS OR NOSE.
 SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
• UNUSUAL DISCHARGE FROM THE PENIS, VAGINA
OR ANUS; PAIN DURING SEX OR URINATION;
SORES, BLISTERS, ULCERS, WARTS OR RASHES IN
THE GENITAL AREA; FEVER OR FLU-LIKE
SYMPTOMS; ABNORMAL OR UNUSUAL VAGINA
BLEEDING; PAIN IN THE SCROTUM OR TESTICLES;
LUMPS AND BUMPS ON THE GENITALS
 HIV AND AIDS
• FEVER AND NIGHT SWEAT, FEELING VERY
TIRED, QUICK WEIGHT LOSS, HEADACHE,
ENLARGED LYMPH NODES, DIARRHEA,
VOMITING AND UPSET STOMACH, GENITAL
OR ANAL SORES, DRY COUGH, RASH OR
FLAKY SKIN, SHORT-TERM MEMORY LOSS.
WHAT ARE THE TREATMENT
OR MANAGEMENT OF THE
MOST COMMON
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES?
1. ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
• REST WELL
• INCREASE FLUID INTAKE
• COUGH AND COLD MEDICATIONS CAN BE TAKEN TO REDUCE
SYMPTOMS
2. PNEUMONIA
• TREAT WITH ANTIBIOTICS; HOSPITALIZATION FOR SEVERE CASES AND
CASES IN INFANTS
3. BRONCHITIS
• TAKE A REST
• DRINK FLUIDS
• BREATHE WARM AND MOIST AIR
• TAKE MEDICATIONS FOR COUGH AND PAINS
• TAKE ANTIBIOTICS (FOR BACTERIAL INFECTION)
4. INFLUENZA (FLU)
• BED REST
• TAKE PLENTY OF FLUIDS
• IN SEVERE CASES, ANTIVIRAL MEDICATIONS ARE PRESCRIBED.
5. TUBERCULOSIS
• STANDARD SIX-MONTH COURSE OF FOUR ANTIBIOTICS
6. DENGUE
• REST
• DRINK PLENTY OF FLUIDS
• PAIN MEDICATIONS CAN BE TAKEN EXCEPT FOR THOSE THAT MAY
INCREASE BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS
• HOSPITALIZATION IS NEEDED IN SEVERE CASES
7. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
• ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIVIRAL MEDICATIONS
8. HIV AND AIDS
• THERE IS NO TREATMENT BUT THERE ARE MEDICATIONS THAT CAN SLOW
DOWN THE PROGRESS OF THE DISEASE
 DID YOU KNOW THAT…..
• WHEN YOU’RE CHILLING
• WHEN YOU’RE TOO HOT,
• WHEN YOU HAVE A DRY COUGH,
• WHEN YOU’RE FEELING VERY TIRED, OR
• WHEN YOUR HEAD ACHES A LOT,
THEN YOU HAVE SYMPTOMS THAT SHOULD NOT BE NEGLECTED AND
IGNORED.
BE AWARE AND SENSIBLE OF WHAT YOUR BODY FEELS TO
IMMEDIATELY TREAT AND MANAGE DISEASES.
 HOW ARE COMMUNICABLE DISEASES PREVENTED?

• WASH YOUR HANDS REGULARLY

• AVOID SHARING PERSONAL BELONGINGS
• STAY AND REST AT HOME WHEN SICK
• HANDLE AND PREPARE FOODS HYGIENICALLY
• COVER YOUR MOUTH WHEN YOU COUGH OR SNEEZE
• AVOID TOUCHING ANIMALS THAT MAY BRING DISEASES
• MAKE SURE YOU GET VACCINATED
• PROPERLY DISINFECT AND CLEAN SURFACES LIKE TOILET BOWLS, SINKS, ETC.