MAPEH GRADE 8

K-12 QUARTER 3
HEALTH EDUCATION

DISEASE PREVENTION AND

CONTROL
 WHAT IS DISEASE?
DISEASE is an abnormal condition
affecting the body of an organism.

1. Communicable

2. Non-Communicable
Diseases that are transmissible from one host, person
(host) or animal, to another person
Diseases that are “catching”
Diseases that are caused by germs or pathogens
WHAT IS PATHOGEN?
•an organism that causes disease to its host, also
known as infectious/disease agent.
• infects, or invades the body and attacks its cells

and tissues.
 KINDS OF PATHOGEN
1. PARASITE is a microorganism that
gets their food supply in a living
plant or animal.
Worm is considered as a parasite
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WORMS
(HELMINTH S)
Roundworm: Roundworms hatch and live in the
intestines

Pinworm: Also called seat worms and threadworms, 

pinworms hatch and live primarily in the intestines
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WORMS
(HELMINTH S)
Trichina spiralis: This worm lives in the intestines and causes
a serious illness known as trichinosis.

Tapeworms live in the intestines.

Flukes live in different locations in the body, including the

intestines, bladder, rectum, liver, spleen, lungs, and veins.
 KINDS OF PATHOGEN
2. PROTOZOANS
• are single-celled organisms that are larger

than bacteria and have more complex cellular

structure.
 KINDS OF PATHOGEN
3. BACTERIA are one-celled microscopic
organisms that rank among the most widespread
of living things. some are small that a single
grain of soil may contain over 100 million of
them and most bacteria do not cause disease..
 Two Types of Bacteria
A. TOXINS BACTERIA are bacteria that produces
certain poison.

B. RESIDENT BACTERIA that lives in the human

mouth and intestines and on our skin.
 KINDS OF PATHOGEN
5. FUNGI are simple organisms that
cannot make their own food.
 KINDS OF PATHOGEN
6. RICKETTSIAS are organisms that are
considered intermediate, that is, somewhere
between a virus and a bacterium.

.
 KINDS OF PATHOGEN
7. VIRUS are small, simple lifelike forms-from
one half to 100 the size of a bacteria.
.
.
 Direct Contact: Exposure to infected body fluids such as blood or saliva.

Vectors/Reservoirs: Germs are spread by an animal or insect, usually through

a bite

Airborne: Germs are spread through the air, for example when someone
coughs or sneezes.

Food and Water: Food and water can become contaminated with
germs and people can get sick when they eat or drink them.

Indirect contact: Pathogens remain on surfaces that were in contact with

infected person.
 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DISEASE
TRANSMISSION.
1. Environmental Factors.
a. Sanitation and sanitation facilities -can affect the
transmission of diseases where food and water can become
contaminated because of poor sanitation.
b. Pollution also plays a major role in
disease transmission as evidenced by floods during the rainy
season.
c. Climate takes its role as an environmental factor. In our
country we only have the dry and wet seasons where various
microorganisms that can cause morbidity can thrive on each of
these seasons.
 2) SOCIO-ECONOMIC
FACTORS.
a. Cultural practices influence disease transmission. For
instance, there are some places in the Cordilleras
where people drink wine after a tiring day of planting
and when they drink they use one glass to show unity.
b. Living arrangements in some cultures where people
tend to live near their livestock without knowing that
these can be sources of diseases.
c. Prostitution due to economic factors where the poor
tend to engage themselves into this activity is
one avenue for the transmission of communicable
diseases as well.
Diseases that are transmissible from one host, person
(host) or animal, to another person
Diseases that are “catching”
Diseases that are caused by germs or pathogens
Virus – more than 200 types including
rhinoviruses and corona viruses can cause
the cold
sore, scratchy throat, sneezing, and a runny
nose. Other symptoms that may occur later
include headache, stuffy nose, watering eyes,
hacking cough, chills, and general sick-feeling
lasting from 2 to 7 days. Some cases may last
for two weeks.

Bed rest, drink lots of fluids, medication to

treat the symptoms. There is NO CURE
 Respiratory illness caused several different
viruses

•Fever •Tiredness

•Aches and chills •Cough

•Headache •Sore throat

Complications of the flu…

Bronchitis, pneumonia, can cause death in high risk
groups (people with chronic disease, infants and the
elderly) Fluids and bed rest
Medication like Tylenol to bring the
fever down and relieve symptoms
 H1N1 is a new strain of the flu virus that is a
combination of flu viruses that affect pigs,
birds and humans.
Symptoms:
•Fever •Body aches *Some people also have
•Cough •Headaches vomiting and diarrhea
•Sore throat •tiredness

If you have any of these symptoms you should seek medical treatment
right away! Your doctor may give you an antiviral medication like
tamiflu, which help to make the symptoms milder.
Treatment: Rest!
Did you know that this flu virus affects children
Drink lots of fluids, and teens more than other flu viruses do…
especially if you have
diarrhea! Prevention- Get the H1N1 Vaccine
Stay home from school if AND….
you have a fever, and limit
your contact with others
•Caused by DIFFERENT Viruses (more than 200 for the cold, only a few for the
flu)
•The flu comes on more QUICKLY
•Some of the symptoms are different….
with the flu there is usually a high fever, aches and chills
•The flu is more serious, and can be deadly
•There is a vaccine to prevent the flu
(seasonal and H1N1)
 Hepatitis B is a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the
liver. The virus, which is called hepatitis B virus (HBV), can
cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver
cancer, liver failure, and death
Transmission (how do you get it??)
•Contact with the body fluids of an infected person
*Sexual contact *Blood to Blood contact

Symptoms:
Treatment- Bed rest,
•Jaundice (yellowing of eyes and skin) medications, do not
•Tiredness and weakness drink alcohol

•Weight loss, loss of appetite Prevention: vaccine, do

not share needles,
•Abdominal pain abstinence (no sex or
drugs!)
 an infection of the lungs, which can be
caused by a variety of microorganisms,
including viruses, bacteria, and parasites.

•fever •vomiting
•chills •chest pain
•cough •abdominal pain
•unusually rapid breathing
•decreased activity
•breathing with grunting or
wheezing sounds
•labored breathing

Treatments :
antibiotics(bacterial)
antiviral medications Prevention: vaccine

bed rest * don’t share food or drink, or be

around sick people
 Infectious mononucleosis is sometimes called
"mono" or "the kissing disease“. It is an infection
usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
•constant fatigue
•fever
•sore throat
•Not everyone who is exposed to EBV
•loss of appetite
gets sick
•swollen lymph nodes
•Once you have it, you will carry the headaches
virus for the rest of your life, •sore muscles
although you probably will not get •larger-than-normal liver
sick from it again! or spleen
•skin rash
•abdominal pain
•Kissing someone who has it
•Sharing food, drink, utensils,
No cure…bed rest, fever reducing
toothbrushes
medications, treat other symptoms,
people usually get better in 3-4 weeks
An itchy rash of spots that look
like blisters can appear all over
the body and may be accompanied
by flu-like symptoms.

Rash of bumpy fluid filled red bumps that

can rupture and scab over. This rash is very
itchy. Other symptoms include a fever,
abdominal pain, sore throat, and headache
(last 5-7 days on average)
No cure/symptoms can be treated .

Varicella Vaccine