NAME : SYAFIQAH FAKHIRAH

NPM : 51120002
 INFECTION
Infectious diseases are diseases or health conditions caused by the attack of
microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi (fungi), or parasites.
In a healthy human body, there are actually microorganisms, such as bacteria
and parasites in the mouth or intestines. Natural microorganisms in certain
numbers are not usually considered as infections and are actually beneficial
for the health of the body.
Problems arise when microorganisms cause disease and can infect other
people. This is what came to be called an infection.
• In general, this infection is divided into two major
groups, namely:
• Infection that occurs due to exposure to antigens from
outside the body
• Infections that occur due to diffusion of body fluids
or tissues, such as the HIV virus, because the virus
cannot live outside the body.
 Types of infectious diseases
It is very important for you to distinguish between infectious
diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. This can be
useful in determining the correct diagnosis and treatment.

• Bacterial infection
Bacterial infections occur because certain bacteria multiply in the
body and cause disturbances. Bacteria are complex single cells.
Bacteria can survive alone (without a host), inside or outside the
body. Most bacteria are actually harmless. In fact, we have a lot of
bacteria in our bodies, especially in the intestines to help digest
food. Some diseases are caused by bacterial infections, including
urinary tract infections (UTI), tetanus, tuberculosis, and typhus
Virus infection
• Meanwhile, viruses are smaller and are not cells.
Unlike bacteria, viruses need a host or home, such as
humans or animals, in order to reproduce.
• Viruses can cause infectious diseases by entering and
multiplying in the host's healthy cells. Diseases
associated with viral infections are smallpox,
influenza, rabies, and HIV / AIDS.
Parasitic infection
• Parasites are microorganisms that live by depending
on other organisms, which are called the host or host.
• Several types of parasites enter the human body
through insect bites, food, drink, or stepping on
contaminated soil and water. Malaria and intestinal
worms are some examples of parasitic infections.
Fungus infection
• Fungus can also be a cause of infectious diseases.
Usually, fungi are found in water, soil, plants, or air.
Some also live naturally in the human body, but are
harmless. Some common fungal infections such as
candidiasis and water fleas.
 Signs and symptoms of infectious diseases

Almost all types of infections can cause similar symptoms. Some of the
common symptoms that arise due to infectious diseases include:
• Cough and sneeze
• Fever
• Inflammation
• Gag
• Diarrhea
• Muscle ache
• Fatigue
• Cramps
 Causes of Infectious Diseases
1. Direct contact
• One of the easiest ways to catch an infection is direct physical contact
with an infected person or animal. Usually, transmission by physical
contact occurs in the following ways:

• Shaking hands
• Touching
• Inhalation of droplets (droplets) from patients who are sneezing or
coughing
• Have sexual intercourse
• Being scratched by an animal, such as a dog or cat
• Through the birth process (mother to baby)
2. Indirect contact
• Apart from directly, you can also contract infectious
diseases through indirect contact. For example, touching an
inanimate object, such as a door handle or contaminated
table surface.

• People who have an infection may unknowingly leave a

trail of bacteria or viruses on the surface of an inanimate
object they touch. If you touch these objects, you can
become infected when you forget to wash your hands and
touch your nose, eyes or mouth.
3. Insect bites
• Insect bites, such as mosquitoes, flies, or fleas, can also
cause infectious diseases. Several types of insects can
be vectors, aka carriers of microorganisms from other
humans who suffer from disease.

• The bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito is an example

of the transmission of the dengue fever virus through
insect bites, as well as the Anopheles mosquito which
carries the malaria parasite.
• 4. Contaminated food
• You can also get infectious diseases from food
or water that is contaminated with bacteria,
viruses, fungi, or parasites. One of the most
common types of bacteria transmitted from
food is Escherichia coli, which is found in
undercooked meat.
How to treat infectious diseases?
1. Antibiotics
• For infectious diseases caused by bacteria, doctors will usually
prescribe antibiotics. This drug will kill or inhibit bacterial
proliferation.
• However, because antibiotic resistance (resistance) is a
growing problem, antibiotics may be prescribed only for
serious bacterial infections. Antibiotics will not be useful for
treating diseases caused by viruses.
2. Antivirus
• Antiviral drugs are specifically for infectious diseases caused
by viruses. Antivirus cannot be used to cure bacterial
infections. Vice versa, antibiotics can only cure diseases
associated with bacteria.
• However, in most mild cases, treatment of viral infections only
focuses on managing symptoms, such as consumption of
honey to relieve coughs and warm fluids, and use of
paracetamol to relieve fever.
• Some diseases caused by viruses also focus on increasing the
patient's immune system, so that he is able to fight the
infecting virus.
3. Antifungal
• In the case of a fungal infection, you will be
given antifungal drugs.

• Depending on the type of disease, antifungal

drugs are usually available in the form of
topical, oral, and injection.
4. Antiparasitic
• Antiparasitic drugs specifically for those of you who suffer
from parasitic infections. The type of drug will vary,
depending on the type of parasite in the body.

• The following are the types of antiparasitic drugs:

• Antiprotozoa (for malaria, giardiasis, and toxoplasmosis)

• Anthelmintic (for intestinal worms)
• Ectoparasiticides (for head lice infections)
THANK
YOU