DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS

Father Saturnino Urios University

Prepared by: REANNE MAE C. ABRERA SN
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INDICATIONS TYPES OF DERMATOLOGIC MEDICATION

❖ Acne; A. TOPICAL CATEGORIES

❖ Burns; ○ Lotions, creams, gels, pastes, ointments, transdermal patches, and powders;
❖ Ichthyosis; ○ Antibiotic;
❖ Pachyonychia Congenita; ○ Antifungal and etc.
❖ Pemphigus; B. ORAL CATEGORIES
❖ Psoriasis; ○ Antimicrobials (antibacterials or antifungals);
❖ Raynaud’s Phenomenon Rosacea; ○ Antiparasitics & NSAIDs;
❖ Scleroderma; ○ Immunomodulators;
❖ Vitiligo; ○ Hormones;
❖ Eczema; ○ Psychotropic agents; and
❖ Atopic dermatitis; ○ Vitamin & Mineral Supplements
❖ Cold sores; ○ Common antibiotics includes: dicloxacillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline
❖ Dry skin; ○ Oral antifungal drugs includes: fluconazole and itraconazole
❖ Contact dermatitis;
COMMONLY PRESCRIBED DRUG TYPES IN DERMATOLOGY
❖ Melasma; and etc.
❖ TOPICAL STEROIDS;
❖ SYSTEMIC STEROIDS;
❖ TOPICAL CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS;
❖ PDE-4 INHIBITORS;
TOPICAL CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS
❖ ANTIHISTAMINES; and
❖ Topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) work by altering the immune system and have been
❖ OTHER MEDICATIONS USED TO TREAT SKIN CONDITIONS.
developed for treating atopic eczema.
TOPICAL STEROIDS
❖ There are two (2) types available: tacrolimus ointment (Protopic) for moderate to severe
❖ Topical steroids are treatment for any kind of dermatitis or steroid-responsive
eczema and pimecroimus cream (Elidel) for mild to moderate eczema.
dermatoses.
❖ The most commonly reported side effect of topical calcineurin inhibitors is local skin
❖ Topical steroids used to treat psoriasis, vitiligo, lichen sclerosus, atopic dermatitis,
eczema, and acute radiation dermatitis. irritation (burning, pruritus, and erythema) at the application site. However, this is usually

❖ Ultra-high-potency topical steroids should not be used continuously for longer than three transient and decreases over time (usually within one month).

(3) weeks. ❖ Other adverse effects may include allergic contact dermatitis.
❖ Side effects of topical corticosteroids: inflamed hair follicles (folliculitis) and thinning of
PDE-4 INHIBITORS
the skin.
❖ Long-term use has in some cases led to permanent striae on the skin, bruising, ❖ Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is the major enzyme class responsible for the hydrolysis of

discolouration, or thin spidery blood vessels. cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an intracellular second messenger that controls

SYSTEMIC STEROIDS a network of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators.

❖ As a treatment for several autoimmune conditions including anklyosing spondylitis,

❖ Systemic (cortico) steroids are also called glucocorticoids or cortisones.
Alzheimer’s disease, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus
❖ It can be used for skin conditions such as sever hand dermatitis, Lichen planus, and
erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Bullous pemphigoid.

❖ Short-term use of the drugs, however, can cause a bump up in glucose among patients ANTIHISTAMINES

with diabetes and there is an increased risk of sepsis in the 90 days after getting short ❖ Therapy is widely used in the treatment of allergic dermatoses.
term systemic steroids. ❖ Treatment of acute and chronic urticaria, angioedema, atopic dermatitis, different forms
❖ Systemic steroids can be used for skin conditions such as severe hand dermatitis, Lichen of eczema, and various drug-induced reactions.
planus, Bullous pemphigoid.
❖ Claritin (Ioratadine) is an antihistamine used to treat allergy symptoms. ❖ CORTICOSTEROIDS

➢ These are used to treat skin conditions including eczema. Corticosteroids come in
OTHER MEDICATIONS USED TO TREAT SKIN CONDITIONS
many different forms including foams, lotions, ointments, and creams.
❖ ANTIBACTERIALS
❖ NON-STEROIDAL OINTMENT
➢ These medicines, including mupirocin or clindamycin, are often used to treat or
➢ The ointments crisaborole (Eucrisa) and tacrolimus (Protopic) and the cream
prevent infection.
pimecrolimus (Elidel) also are prescribed for eczema, including atopic dermatitis.
❖ ANTHRALIN
❖ RETINOIDS
➢ This drug, though not often used because it can be irritating and can stain, helps
➢ These medications (such as Differin, Retin-A, and Tazorac) are gels, foams,
reduce inflammation and can help treat psoriasis.
lotions, or creams derived from Vitamin A and are used to treat conditions
❖ ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
including acne.
➢ Clotrimazole (Lotrimin), ketoconazole (Nizoral), and terbinafine (Lamisil AT), are a
❖ SALICYCLIC ACID
few examples of common topical antifungal drugs to treat skin conitions such as
➢ This drug is sold in lotions, gels, soaps, shampoos, washes, and patches. Salicyclic
ringworm and athlete’s foot.
acid is the active ingredient in many skin care products for the treatment of acne
❖ BENZOYL PEROXIDE
and warts.
➢ Creams, gels, washes, and foams containing benzoyl peroxide are used to treat

acne. DERMATOLOGICALLY TESTED

❖ COAL TAR ❖ It relates to the fact that the finished product has been tested on human skin; that the

➢ This topical treatment is available with and without a prescription, with strengths formula is mostly safe to be applied on the skin; that the finished product is well tolerated

ranging from 0.5% to 5%. Coal tar is used to treat conditions including seborrheic and, in most cases, will not cause a skin reaction.

dermatitis (usually in shampoos) or psoriasis. Currently, coal tar is seldom used ❖ HRIPT test (human repeat insult patch test) is used to help predict the likelihood for

because it can be slow acting and can cause severe staining of personal clothing induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) of topically applied products.

and bedding.
 ❖ Pustular eruptions.
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DERMATOLOGIC PREPARATIONS

❖ Stinging or burning; NURSING CONSIDERATIONS

❖ Drying and irritation; ❖ Always wear gloves and maintain standard precautions.

❖ Pruritus (itching); ❖ Always clean the skin or wound before applying.

❖ Erythema; ❖ Thorough history, including work history, must be carefully reviewed.

❖ Sensitization; ❖ Assess for known allergy.

❖ Staining; and ❖ Skin assessment;

❖ Superficial erosion. ❖ Educate your patients about using them correctly.

❖ Monitor the adverse effects and other signs of infection.

SKIN-RELATED SIDE EFFECTS

❖ Acne-like rash on face and upper body;

❖ Inflammation around fingernails;

❖ Dry, itchy skin;

❖ Fingertip cracking;

❖ Hair loss on scalp;

❖ Increased, curly, or coarse hair on face and eyelashes; and

❖ Increased sensitivity to sunlight.

ALLERGIC REACTIONS

❖ Exanthematous;

❖ Urticarial;

❖ Blistering; and