Electricity

World net electricity generation by source

World net electricity generation by source World net electricity generation by source
trillion kilowatthours trillion kilowatthours
60 12
history projections history projections
solar
50 10
coal
40 other
8 natural gas
wind
wind
30 solar 6 hydroelectric

20 hydroelectric 4
nuclear nuclear
10 natural gas
2 other
coal
0 0
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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World net electricity generation shares by fuel
World net electricity generation by source Share of net electricity generation
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
50000 100%
history projections renewables
90%
40000 80%
70%
30000 60%
50%
20000 40% natural gas

30% coal
nuclear
10000 20% liquid fuels
10%
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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World net electricity generation from renewables
World net electricity generation from renewables Share of renewable energy
trillion kilowatthours percentage history projections
25000 100% other
history projections geothermal
90%
20000 80% solar
70%
15000 60%
50% wind
10000 40%
30%
hydroelectric
5000 20%
10%
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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World net electricity generation by region and electricity use by
sector
OECD and non-OECD net electricity generation World electricity use by sector
trillion kilowatthours quadrillion British thermal units
30000 60
history projections non-OECD history projections industrial
25000 50
residential

20000 40
OECD commercial
15000 30

10000 20
transportation

5000 10

0 0
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Electricity generation in Reference, High Economic Growth, and
Low Economic Growth cases
OECD electricity generation Non-OECD electricity generation
trillion kilowatthours trillion kilowatthours
40 40 High
history projections history projections Economic
Growth

30 30
Reference

Low
20 20 Economic
Growth

10 10

0 0
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Electricity generation growth rate in Reference, High Economic
Growth, and Low Economic Growth cases
OECD electricity generation growth rate Non-OECD electricity generation growth rate
3-year average, percentage 3-year average, percentage
7% history projections 7%
history projections
6% 6%
5% 5%
4% 4%
High
3% High 3% Economic
2% Economic Growth
Growth 2% Reference
1% Reference Low
1%
Low Economic
0%
Economic 0% Growth
-1% Growth
-1%
-2%
-2%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Electricity generation change from 2020, by type
OECD electricity generation change from 2020, by Non-OECD electricity generation change from 2020, by
type type
trillion kilowatthours trillion kilowatthours
14 14
non-
12 12 renewables
10 10
renewables
8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

0 0

-2 -2
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

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Total electricity consumption by sector
Total electricity consumption by sector, Total electricity consumption by sector,
OECD non-OECD
quadrillion British thermal units quadrillion British thermal units
100 100 history projections
history projections history projections

80 80
residential

60 60
commercial
residential
40 40
commercial
industrial
industrial
20 20
transportation

0 0 transportation
2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050

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United States net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, United States Share of net electricity generation, United States
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
6 100%
history projections other
90% solar
5
80%
wind
70%
4
60% hydroelectric
nuclear
3 50%
40%
2 natural gas
30%
20%
1
10% coal

0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Canada net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, Canada Share of net electricity generation, Canada
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
1.0 100% other
history projections solar
0.9 90%
wind
0.8 80%
0.7 70%
0.6 60%
hydroelectric
0.5 50%
0.4 40%
0.3 30%
nuclear
0.2 20%
natural gas
0.1 10%
coal
0.0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Mexico and other OECD Americas net electricity generation by
source
Net electricity generation by source, Mexico and Share of net electricity generation, Mexico and other
other OECD Americas OECD Americas
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
0.9 100% other
history projections
90% solar
0.8
0.7 80%
70%
0.6 wind
60%
0.5
50% hydroelectric
0.4
40% nuclear
0.3 30%
0.2 natural gas
20%
0.1 10%
coal
0.0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Japan net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, Japan Share of net electricity generation, Japan
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
1.2 100% other
history projections solar
90%
1.0
80%
70% wind
0.8
60%
hydroelectric
0.6 50% nuclear
40%
0.4 30% natural gas
20%
0.2
10% coal
0.0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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South Korea net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, South Korea Share of net electricity generation, South Korea
trillion kilowatthours percentage
0.8 history projections
history projections 100% other
0.7 90% solar

0.6 80% wind

70%
0.5 hydroelectric
60%
0.4 50% nuclear

0.3 40%
natural gas
30%
0.2
20%
0.1 coal
10%
0.0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Australia and New Zealand net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, Australia and Share of net electricity generation, Australia and New
New Zealand Zealand
trillion kilowatthours percentage
0.50 history projections
history projections 100%
0.45 other
90% solar
0.40
80%
0.35
70%
0.30
60%
0.25 wind
50%
0.20 40%
0.15 30% hydroelectric
0.10 20% nuclear
0.05 10% natural gas
coal
0.00 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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OECD Europe net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, OECD Europe Share of net electricity generation, OECD Europe
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
5 100%
history projections other
90% solar
4 80%
70%
wind
3 60%
50%
2 40%
30% hydroelectric
nuclear
1 20%
natural gas
10%
coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Russia net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, Russia Share of net electricity generation, Russia
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
1.4 100% other
history projections
90% solar
1.2 wind
80%
hydroelectric
1.0 70% nuclear
60%
0.8
50%
0.6 40% natural gas

0.4 30%
20%
0.2
10%
coal
0.0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia net electricity generation
by source
Net electricity generation by source, Other non-OECD Share of net electricity generation, Other non-OECD
Europe and Eurasia Europe and Eurasia
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
1.2 100% other
history projections 90% solar
1.0 80% wind
70%
0.8 hydroelectric
60%
50% nuclear
0.6
40%
0.4 30% natural gas
20%
0.2 coal
10%
0.0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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India net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, India Share of net electricity generation, India
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
7 100%
history projections other
90%
6
80% solar
5 70%
60%
4
50%
3 40% wind

2 30%
hydroelectric
20% nuclear
1 natural gas
10%
coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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China net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, China Share of net electricity generation, China
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
12 100% other
history projections
90%
10 solar
80%

8 70% wind
60%
hydroelectric
6 50% nuclear
40% natural gas
4
30%
20% coal
2
10%
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Other non-OECD Asia net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, Other non- Share of net electricity generation, Other non-
OECD Asia OECD Asia
trillion kilowatthours percentage history projections
4.0 100% other
history projections
90% solar
3.5
80% wind
3.0
70%
hydroelectric
2.5 60% nuclear
2.0 50% natural gas
40%
1.5 coal
30%
1.0
20%
0.5 10%
0.0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Middle East net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, Middle East Share of net electricity generation, Middle East
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
1.8 100%
history projections other
1.6 90%

1.4 80% solar

70% wind
1.2
60% hydroelectric
1.0 nuclear
50%
0.8
40%
0.6 natural gas
30%
0.4 20%
0.2 10%
coal
0.0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Africa net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, Africa Share of net electricity generation, Africa
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
2.0 100%
history projections other
1.8 90%
1.6 80% solar

1.4 70%
wind
1.2 60%
1.0 50% hydroelectric
0.8 40% nuclear

0.6 30% natural gas

0.4 20%
0.2 10%
coal
0.0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Brazil net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, Brazil Share of net electricity generation, Brazil
trillion kilowatthours percentage
history projections
0.9 100%
history projections other
0.8 90% solar

0.7 80%
70% wind
0.6
60%
0.5
50%
0.4
40% hydroelectric
0.3 30%
0.2 20% nuclear
0.1 10% natural gas
coal
0.0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Other non-OECD Americas net electricity generation by source
Net electricity generation by source, Other non- Share of net electricity generation, Other non-OECD
OECD Americas Americas
trillion kilowatthours percentage history projections
0.8 100% other
history projections
90% solar
0.7
80%
0.6
70% wind
0.5 60%
0.4 50%
40% hydroelectric
0.3
30%
0.2 nuclear
20% natural gas
0.1 10%
coal
0.0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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United States electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
United States United States
gigawatts percentage
history projections
2,000 100% battery storage
history projections 90% other
solar
80%
1,500
70%
60% wind
hydroelectric
1,000 50%
nuclear
40%
30% natural gas
500
20%
10%
coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Canada electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
Canada Canada
gigawatts percentage
history projections
250 100% other
history projections solar
90%
wind
200 80%
70%
150 60%
50% hydroelectric
100 40%
30% nuclear
50 20%
natural gas
10%
coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Mexico and other OECD Americas electric generating capacity
by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
Mexico and other OECD Americas Mexico and other OECD Americas
gigawatts percentage
history projections
250 100% other
history projections solar
90%
200 80%
70%
150 60%
wind
50%
100 40% hydroelectric
nuclear
30%
50 20% natural gas
10%
coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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OECD Europe electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
OECD Europe OECD Europe
gigawatts percentage
history projections
2,500 100% battery storage
history projections
90% other
2,000 80%
solar
70%
1,500 60%
wind
50%
1,000 40%
30% hydroelectric
500 20% nuclear
10% natural gas
coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Japan electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
Japan Japan
gigawatts percentage
history projections
350 100% other
history projections solar
90%
300
80%
250 70%
60% wind
200
50% hydroelectric
150 40% nuclear
100 30%
natural gas
20%
50
10% coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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South Korea electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
South Korea South Korea
gigawatts percentage
history projections
250 100% other
history projections solar
90%
200 80%
70%
60% wind
150
50% hydroelectric
100 40% nuclear
30%
natural gas
50 20%
10% coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Australia and New Zealand electric generating capacity by
source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
Australia and New Zealand Australia and New Zealand
gigawatts percentage
history projections
250 100% battery storage
history projections other
90%
200 80%
solar
70%
150 60%
50%
100 40% wind
30%
hydroelectric
50 20%
natural gas
10%
coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Russia electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
Russia Russia
gigawatts percentage
history projections
350 100% other
history projections solar
90%
300 wind
80%
hydroelectric
250 70%
nuclear
60%
200
50%
150 40%
natural gas
100 30%
20%
50
10%
coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia electric generating
capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Other non-OECD Europe and Eurasia
gigawatts percentage
history projections
350 100% other
history projections
90%
300 solar
80%
250 70%
wind
60%
200
50% hydroelectric
150 40% nuclear
100 30%
natural gas
20%
50
10% coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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China electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
China China
gigawatts percentage
history projections
4,500 100%
history projections battery storage
4,000 90% other
80%
3,500
solar
70%
3,000
60%
2,500 wind
50%
2,000 hydroelectric
40% nuclear
1,500 30% natural gas
1,000 20%
coal
500 10%
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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India electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
India India
gigawatts percentage
history projections
3,000 100%
history projections battery storage
90%
other
2,500 80%
70%
2,000 solar
60%
1,500 50%
40%
1,000 wind
30%
hydroelectric
20% nuclear
500
10% natural gas
coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Other non-OECD Asia electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
Other non-OECD Asia Other non-OECD Asia
gigawatts percentage
history projections
1,000 100% other
history projections
900 90%
solar
800 80%
700 70%
wind
600 60%
hydroelectric
500 50%
nuclear
400 40% natural gas
300 30%
coal
200 20%
100 10%
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Middle East electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
Middle East Middle East
gigawatts percentage
history projections
700 100% other
history projections 90%
600
80%
solar
500 70%
60% wind
400 hydroelectric
50%
nuclear
300 40%
200 30% natural gas
20%
100
10%
coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Africa electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
Africa Africa
gigawatts percentage
history projections
700 100% other
history projections
90%
600
80%
solar
500 70%
60%
400 wind
50% hydroelectric
300 40% nuclear

200 30%
natural gas
20%
100
10% coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Brazil electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity,
Brazil Brazil
gigawatts percentage
history projections
250 100% battery storage
history projections other
90%
solar
200 80%
70% wind
150 60%
50%
100 40% hydroelectric
30%
50 20% nuclear
10% natural gas
0% coal
0
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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Other non-OECD Americas electric generating capacity by
source
Installed electric generating capacity by source, Share of installed electric generating capacity, Other
Other non-OECD Americas non-OECD Americas
gigawatts percentage
history projections
250 100% other
history projections solar
90%
200 80%
wind
70%
150 60%
50%
hydroelectric
100 40%
30% nuclear
natural gas
50 20%
10%
coal
0 0%
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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India and Canada electric generating capacity by source
Installed electric generating capacity, India Installed electric generating capacity, Canada
gigawatts gigawatts

2,500 250
history projections other history projections
battery storage other
nuclear
2,000 200 solar
solar wind

1,500 150
hydroelectric

1,000 100
wind
hydroelectric
natural gas natural gas
500 coal 50
coal

0 0
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

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