SOCIAL GROUP

WORK
2

PRAYER
Let us put ourselves in the
presence of the Lord.
3

CHAPTER 3:
VALUES &
KNOWLEDGE
FOUNDATION
4

CLASSIFYI
CHAPTER 3 CONTINUATION:

NG
GROUPS
5
CLASSIFYING GROUPS
A. SOCIAL
GROUP

✔ An exclusive self-organizing form of

social organization
✔ Comprised of two or more members
who identify and interact with one
another on a personal basis as
individuals; nature of relationship is
like in a natural group
6
CLASSIFYING GROUPS B. PRIMARY GROUP

✔ Gemeinschaft relationships (relationship is

based on common feeling) dominate in
primary groups

✔ It comprises the individual’s earliest form of

human association, typically the family or
its surrogate
7
CLASSIFYING GROUPS C. NATURAL GROUP

✔ They are groups that come together

spontaneously on the basis of naturally
occurring events, interpersonal attraction,
or the mutually perceived needs of
members.

✔ Examples: families, peer groups, street

gangs, cliques, friendship networks
8
CLASSIFYING GROUPS D. FORMED GROUP

✔ Defined as those groups that come

together through some outside influence
or intervention

✔ They usually have some sponsorship or

affiliation
9
CLASSIFYING GROUPS
E. IN-GROUPS & OUT-
GROUPS
In-groups
✔ Are defined as those social groupings in which the individual
feels at home;
✔ The group shares some common interests, some shared
expectations, and some norms which render behavior more
predictable among group members

Out-groups
✔ Are defined as those social groupings in which the individual
does not feel a sense of belonging.
10

TREATMENT GROUPS

- May also be referred to as “small helping

groups” (groupwork or social groupwork)
- In social work, a method of intervention to
help meet personal needs of its members
11

TASK GROUPS

✔ Are formed and maintained so that

specific activities or jobs can be
accomplished
✔ Also referred to as “work groups”
✔ Designed to complete a job or to
provide ongoing advice or
monitoring
“
Purpose of Treatment groups:
1. Support: To help members cope with stressful life
events and revitalize existing coping abilities.
2. Education: To educate through presentations,
discussions and experience.
3. Growth: To develop members’ potential,
awareness, insight
4. Therapy: To change behavior; Correction,
rehabilitation, coping and problem-solving
5. Socialization: To increase communication and
social skills; Improved interpersonal relationships
through program activities, structured exercises,
role plays, etc.
“
Tell me what type of group:
1. Family
2. Workmates
3. Assistance to Individuals
Crisis Situation (AICS)
4. Circle of Friends
5. Rival Team
14

How Group Effect Change --- Dorwin Cartwright

A. The group as MEDIUM of change

 The target of change: Individual member

 Source of influence: The group
 Social worker guides group processes to
achieve goals
15

How Group Effect Change --- Dorwin Cartwright

B. The group as TARGET of change

 The group as a whole or aspects/conditions

of the group may have to be changed in order
to change individual members (size,
composition, climate, structure, etc.)
16

How Group Effect Change --- Dorwin Cartwright

C. The group as AGENT of change

 Group efforts aim to modify or redirect

features/forces in its social environment which
makes demands, create pressures, and impose
constraints on the group, thus adversely
affecting its development and goal achievement
(techniques: information dissemination,
persuasion, negotiation, bargaining, pressure,
confrontation, etc.
 The group is not the focus of the desired change
17

CHAPTER 4:
USES OF
GROUPS
IN SOCIAL
WORK
18
USES OF GROUPS
in Social Work 1. FOR EFFECT ON PARTICIPANTS

1. For EFFECT on participants:

▸ Socialization – Re-socialization
▸ Acquiring or changing self-image/identity,
motivation
▸ Attitude change /formation
▸ Change/formation/modification
19
USES OF GROUPS
in Social Work 2. FOR COLLECTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING

CHALLENGES STRATEGIES/ MITIGATION

Unexpected conflicts, issues and concerns

Work on common or joint tasks, particularly in the area of ideas,
may arise during the process. group thinking, cognitive, emotional, or social, or individual,
group, or social situation
20
USES OF GROUPS
in Social Work 3. FOR CHANGE in the SOCIAL SITUATION or CONDITIONS

For CHANGE in the SOCIAL SITUATION

or CONDITIONS outside the group
▸ Modification of the institution or
social system within which the group
exists.
 USES OF GROUPS in Social Work

21
ADVANTAGES OF THE GROUP APPROACH IN SOCIAL WORK:

1. Many individual feel more comfortable in a group (support similar problems)

2. Members receive psycho rewards from helping others (“Helper therapy” principle)
3. Internal forces in groups can influence attitudes, values, behaviors (group can be
potential instrument for change in the individual/group)
4. The group allows use of variety of activities relevant to individual needs and group
goals
5. The cooperative thinking process in a group can hasten decision-making
6. Similar problems of members may be best handled with the group engaged in
collective action (instead of individually)
7. Maybe more economic to work with a group (if appropriate)
 USES OF GROUPS in Social Work

22
Reasons for using the group approach/mode of service:

✔ To use the group as the primary means of helping

✔ To augment individual methods
✔ To augment work with individual families
✔ To augment community methods
✔ To work with groups in the context of intergroup
approaches at the community level (e.g., coalitions of
different community groups)
 USES OF GROUPS in Social Work

23
When is work with groups social work? (Kurtland and Salmon, 1995)

✔ When clients teach other (i.e., learn from each other) how to meet their human needs
through democratic group process under social work auspices.
✔ When the aim of social group work activity is to assist clients to learn from each other.
✔ When social workers and social agencies commit each other to the intention of helping
each and all members of the group to perform in consonance with their own and others
needs at the same time.
✔ When social workers and agencies commit themselves to help members of a group learn
from each other as well as from and through the worker how to bring about change
outside their group.
✔ When clients are constantly helped to become conscious of the ethically and scientifically
documented fact that the behaviors of all persons have significant consequences for
others, both in and outside the group.
24
When is work with groups NOT social work? (Kurtland and Salmon, 1995)

o When the purpose is change in the individual self without constant reference
to and involvement of other members or regard for them.
o When the group is used essentially as the occasion for personal/individual gain
o When the social worker is referred to as the leader of the group and behaves
accordingly, making the clients followers of the leader by definition.
o When the standard method of understanding member behaviour and
intervention is couched in terms of psychopathology and treatment; and
o When social change and social action are by-products, incidental to the main
content of the group membership experience.
25

CHAPTER 5:
GENERAL
OBJECTIVES OF
SOCIAL
GROUPWORK
 USES OF GROUPS in Social Work

26
GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL
GROUPWORK
1. To enhance normal growth and personality development
2. To prevent social dysfunctioning
3. To correct/ modify/treat anti-social and aberrant behavior
4. To inculcate positive social values, attitudes and cultural patterns
5. To provide socialization activities for individuals to meet their
relaxation and interest needs
6. To develop capacities for positive relationship and social
adjustments
7. To develop change agents for social welfare concerns
27

CHAPTER 6:
CONCEPTS
OF SOCIAL
GROUP
WORK
“
CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK

▸ A person is a social being, who has the inclination

and need to associate with other human beings.
▸ An individual’s welfare is directly affected by the
group of which he is a part and the group
members with whom he interacts.
▸ The individual’s personality and capabilities are
therefore products of his past group experiences.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
29

SOCIAL GROUP WORK

▸ Is a means in enriching community life when individuals

learn to take responsibility for their own behaviour and
how to become participating members in society.

▸ Individuals who have satisfying group relationships

become socially mature and learn how to respond to the
teamwork of modern-day living.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
30
PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL GROUP
WORK
▸ Belief that the need for group experience is basic (simple) and
universal (general).
▸ That individual can be helped to grow and change in personality
attitudes and values through group experiences.
▸ That person not only develops in group but also through groups.
▸ And that groups are dynamic (active), ever changing, and must be
accepted by the social group worker at its level of development.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
31
PURPOSES OF SOCIAL
GROUPWORK
▸ Enhancement of the social adjustment and developing the social
consciousness of the group.
▸ Provide opportunities for planned group experiences that are needed
by all people.
▸ Provide experiences that are relaxing and give individuals a chance to
create, to share, and to express themselves.
▸ Help individuals in groups take responsibility for their own behavior,
relate with other, and how to become participating members of society.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
32
BASIS FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT IN SOCIAL
GROUP WORK

▸ The basis for program development

is the interest and needs of the
individuals in the group that need
to be met.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
33
PROGRAM MEDIA IN SOCIAL GROUP
WORK
▸ It refers to specific means and
tools used by the group
members to carry out their
planned group activities.
▸ Examples are: Group
discussions, arts and crafts,
social events, outings, games,
sports, competition, etc.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
34
CRITERIA FOR EFFECTIVE PROGRAM IN
SOCIAL GROUP WORK
▸ Programs should grow out of the needs and interests of the individuals who compose the group.
▸ Program should take into account such factors as age of group members, cultural background and
economic differences.
▸ Program should provide individuals with experiences and opportunities which they voluntarily
choose to pursue because of their inherent values.
▸ Program should be flexible and varied to satisfy a variety of needs and interest and to afford a
maximum number of opportunities and participation.
▸ Program should evolve from the simple to the more complex with movement coming as a result
of growth in ability and readiness.
▸ Movement from initially “personal” to “social” or “community” concerns should be the ultimate
objective of the social group work program to achieve greater significance.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
35

GROUP DEVELOPMENT

▸ Defined as changes through

time in the internal
structures, processes and
culture of the group.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
36
ASSUMPTIONS ON THE CONCEPT OF GROUP
DEVELOPMENT

▸ The group is a potent influence system and can be used as a vehicle for individual
change.
▸ The group is not an end in itself. The aim of social group work is to maximize the
potentials of the group for individual change rather than to create an enduring
small social system.
▸ Group development can be controlled and influenced by the social group worker’s
actions.
▸ There is no one way in which groups develop. The pursuit of individual change
goals for clients requires that the social group worker intervenes to affect group
development in ways which facilitate the attainment of objectives.
37

CHAPTER 7:
TEN
PRINCIPLES
OF SOCIAL
GROUP WORK
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
38

1. Principle of Planned Group Formation 👍

 The group must possessed conscious design and
plan. It must contain the potential for social growth
of its members.
 The size and age of the group has to be taken into
consideration.
 The members of the group should also share
common problems, needs, concerns, and interests
that have to be met through the group process.
 Separate groups for drug dependents, street
children, minor unwed mothers, OSY, etc. to give
them a sense of belonging and openness.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
39

2. Principle of Specific Objectives 👍

 This have to be consciously formulated by the social group
worker in order to meet the group’s needs and concerns
effectively.
 The group worker has to take into account the group
member’s capacities and the agency’s function.
 By setting specific objectives, working relationship
between the group and worker becomes more focused
and purposeful.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
40

3. Principle of Purposeful Worker-Group Relationship

👍

 This principle is premised on the assumption that acceptance

between the group members and the worker has been established.
 The worker accepts the group and its members as they are.
 Effective relationship is a result of mutual acceptance and trust.
 On the part of the group, there is willingness to accept help from the
worker because of confidence on the worker and the agency he
represents.
 The professional relationship between the worker and group
members is the major tool in the helping process.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
41

4. Principle of Continuous Individualization 👍

 Individuals in the group utilize group

experiences in varied ways to meet their
differing needs.
 The worker has to consciously practice
individualization to meet the differential needs
of the group members.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
42

5. Principle of Guided Group Interaction 👍

 It is the heart of the social group work process.

 It refers to the harnessing, direction, and conscious
utilization of the natural process of social interaction in
the group.
 The role of the social worker is to actively influence the
type and degree of interaction converting the social
process into a social group work process.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
43

6. Principle of Democratic Self-Determination 👍

 The principle is anchored on the belief that groups have the right to make
choices and that they are endowed with the capacity to make decisions.
 Individuals and groups can develop to assume social responsibility if they
are given opportunities to experience performing responsible tasks.
 The members have to be initially prepared and guided in assuming such
responsibility through appropriate orientation, exercises and OJT training
requiring simple to complex decision making processes, with appropriate
guidance and inputs from the social worker.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
44

7. Principle of Flexible Functional Organization 👍

 The principle underscores the need to have flexibility in formal

organizations so that it can be adaptive to any change that makes arise.
 The orderly identification and arrangements of tasks to be done gives the
group members a chance to assume duties and attain the group’s
objectives in a democratic way.
 Since the groups are different from each other, they need a type of
organization that would meet their peculiar characteristics.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
45

8. Principle of Progressive Program Experiences 👍

 It emphasizes the need for the group to engage in program experiences at

the level of member interest, need, experience and capacity.
 One should start with a simple program activity that would give the group
confidence in themselves in achieving their objectives.
 With further encouragement, the group would be able to participate in
more difficult program activities.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
46

9. Principle of Resource Utilization 👍

 The group is part of an agency and the community, the social

group work process encourages the group’s utilization of the
resources within the agency and community to enrich the
content of their group experiences.
 The group worker may serve as the group’s liaison to the
community where they can tap needed resources.
 CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK
47

10. Principle of Evaluation 👍

Evaluation should be done regularly at each crucial

stage in the process of implementation to prelude
serious mistakes or faulty outcome.
Evaluation should be done after every group activity.
“ Be grateful and kind,
you are much blessed than
the others.
49 Maps
“
God bless your beautiful heart!
51

THANK YOU
EVERYONE!
Keep Safe!