Let’s

Recall
Direction: Identify the correct mRNA, tRNA and Amino acid of the following,
based on the given original DNA sequence.

DNA: C A T
mRNA: G U A
tRNA: C A U
Amino acid: V A L I N E
 OBJECTIVES

1. Describe how 2. Explain how 3. Appreciate the

fossil records, scientists use importance of
comparative comparative anatomy different evidence in
anatomy, and genetic in determining the supporting theories of
information provide relatedness of evolution.
evidence for different species.
evolution.
 Mammoth
 Sloth
 Saber-toothed Tiger
and Squirrel

ICE
AGE
EVIDENCE OF
EVOLUTION
 510423
C_A___S
H A WI
RLE D_R__N

 An English naturalist, geologist, and

biologist best known for his
contributions to evolutionary biology.

 He is the father of Evolution and

proposed the Theory of Natural
Selection.
 He published his theory of evolution
with compelling evidence in his 1859
book On the Origin of Species.
 510423
VO U I N
E__L_T_O_
 The gradual change in a
population’s genetic and physical
traits.

 It is also the process through which the

characteristics of a species undergo
changes over several generations
through the process of natural
selection.
 OS S I L
510423
F_____S
Remnants or remains of ancient
organisms.

They give us a picture of how

organisms have changed over
time.
 TWO TYPES OF FOSSIL

1. IMPRESSION FOSSIL 2. COMPRESSION FOSSIL

 Shallow external molds left by  A fossil preserved in sedimentary

plant or animal tissues with little rock that has undergone physical
or no organic materials present. compression.
 510423
OLOG T__E
GE____IC IM SC_L_
A E

 It uses evidence from fossil and

geologic records to identify the
organisms that existed during a
particular time in the past and
reveal how the Earth and its
climate were like
 Giovanni Arduino developed the first
geological time scale.
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

 The study of the body

structures of animal to
know how they have
evolved from the likes
of their common
ancestors for the
purpose of adapting to
their environment.
 HOMOLOGOUS
STRUCTURE
 These are body parts that are
present in different animal
species that are modified to
perform a different function
but share common ancestry.
 ANALOGOUS
STRUCTURE
 These are body structures of
unrelated species that evolved
to look alike because the
structure is adapted to do
similar function but doesn’t
share same ancestry.
 VESTIGIAL
STRUCTURE
 These are structures are
structures that have gone their
function in the organism and have
become reduced in size (because
of efficiency).
ACTVITY TIME
Direction: identify the different traits they possess in terms of body structure, physical
feature and traits.
TRAITS SPECIES
OBSERVED
Body Structures Rat Squirrel Bat Falcon
 Arms & Hands
 Legs & Feet
Physical Feature
Character & Traits

RAT SQUIRRE BAT FALCON

L
Direction: identify the different traits they possess in terms of body structure, physical
feature and traits.
TRAITS SPECIES
OBSERVED
Body Structures Rat Squirrel Bat Falcon
Has forelimbs Has forelimbs and thick Has forelimbs and thick Has wings with small forelimbs
 Arms & Hands membrane membrane
 Legs & Feet  Has hindlimbs  Has hindlimbs  Has hindlimbs  Has two legs

 Has thin and hairless tail
Physical Feature
 nest outdoors and are nocturnal,
Character & Traits
 Eat everything pantry goods to
garbage.
 Has thick bushy tail
  nest in trees and are diurnal
 Eat nuts, seeds and flowers
 Glides on trees
 They have large, pointed ears
and grey or brown fur
  nest in trees and are
nocturnal
 They do echolocation for
survival
 Have long tapered wings and a slim
short tail, typically slate gray
  known for their formidable
speed and strength, sharp
eyesight, lethal nature, and
deadly hunting skills

RAT SQUIRRE BAT FALCON

L
DIRECTION: Write H if the structures shown are homologous and write A if the
structures shown are analogous.
DIRECTION: Write H if the structures shown are homologous and write A if the
structures shown are analogous.
DIRECTION: Write H if the structures shown are homologous and write A if the
structures shown are analogous.
DIRECTION: Write H if the structures shown are homologous and write A if the
structures shown are analogous.
DIRECTION: Write H if the structures shown are homologous and write A if the
structures shown are analogous.
Let’s Compare
Embryonic Development
• Another evidence of evolution is the study of developing
organism or embryology. Scientists use embryos to compare
one organism to another to see how they are related with
each other. The embryos of vertebrates look alike on their
early stages. An embryologist named Karl Ernst von Baer
collected several embryos of different organisms but did not
label them. He had a problem whether the embryo he was
holding is a salamander or a fish. This led him to an
observation that the more similar the embryos are, the more
they are related with each other.
Karl Enst Von Baer
• Genetic Information

Another evidence of evolution is provided by the biochemical

analysis and amino acid sequence of the organisms’ DNA. The
greater the similarity in amino acid sequence, the closer the
relationship of the organisms. The organisms which are similar
in structure and also possess similarity at the biochemical level
could probably have a common ancestor.
KNOWLEDGE CHECK!

1. Why is it said that Human and Chimpanzee are closely related as an organism?
A. Its amino acids difference is 0. C. Its amino acids difference is 1
B. Its amino acids difference is 2 D. Its amino acids difference is 7

2. Why it is that kangaroo is totally different on human?

C. Human is different from an animal
D. Human belong to thinking specie while kangaroo in not.
E. Human are related only to monkey.
F. Human and kangaroo has greater difference amino acids sequence.
 
3. Why is it that amino acids sequence can be a basis of identifying the similarity of an organism?
G. Amino Acids are present in all living organisms.
H. Similarity at the biochemical level of amino acids could probably have a common ancestor.
I. Amino Acids show where the organisms evolve at an early stage.
J. Amino acid is the strongest proof of evolution based on the sequence.
ACTVITY
TIME
 DIRECTION: Imagine yourself as a vlogger/influencer. Give at least two of your preferred animals
in terms of ancestor/ family. Explain what type of comparative anatomy it belongs, and how does it
adapt to its environment for its survival.
Criteria 4 3 2 1
  Knowledgeable of the Knowledgeable of the Somewhat Some content, facts seem
content and includes content and includes Knowledgeable of the questionable and is
Content
an engaging introduction, detailed content and is missing missing introduction,
introduction, detailed body and memorable introduction, body or body or conclusion
body and memorable conclusion conclusion
conclusion
Confidence & Speaks with Mostly speaks with Speaks with some Speaks with little or no
Attitude enthusiasm, poise and enthusiasm, poise and enthusiasm, poise and enthusiasm, poise and
assurance assurance assurance assurance

Volume of the Audience can hear the The speaker mumbles The speaker mumbles The speaker consistently
voice & speech very clearly a bit, but audience some, and the mumbles and the audience
Clarity can hear most of the audience can hear cannot hear or understand
speech clearly some parts of the the speech
speech