Design of Hydraulic Circuits

Part-1 (Basic Circuits)

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 Direction Control Valves (DCV)
• 2/2 DCV
• 3/2 DCV
• 4/2 DCV
• 4/3 DCV
• 5/2 DCV

• In this 1st figure represent no of port and 2nd figure represent no of

position for example in 3/2 valve, 3 is no of port per position and 2 is
total no of position.
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1) Operate SAC and Uni-Directional Motor using 3/2
DCV

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3) Operate DAC using 4/2 DCV
4)Operate two SAC using 4/2 DCV

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5) Operate SAC using 4/2 DCV

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6/7) Operating DAC and Bi-directional motor using Tandem Center 4/3
DCV

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B) Dual Hand Operation Circuits

1) Operate SAC using Two 3/2 DCV

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2) Operate SAC using Twin Pressure Valve

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3) Operate DAC using Two 3/2 DCV

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C) Speed Control Circuits

1) Meter in circuits

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2) Meter Out Circuits

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3) Bleed Off Circuits

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 Types of Load on Hydraulic Cylinder of Moter

1) Opposing Load (Positive Load)

If the load is acting in the opposite direction of motion of cylinder or motor,
then the load is said to be opposing load.
Ex. Lifting load
2) Over-running load (negative of running away load)
Load acting in the same direction of the motion.
Ex. Lowering load
When kept idle or stationary, the downward acting load is considered to be over
running because, the load tends to creep (move slowly) downward due to internal
leakage.

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• Examples of Opposing
a) Weight of load during lifting
b) Cutting force during metal cutting
c) Packing friction in cylinder
d) Friction between load and contact surface

• Examples of over-running load

a) Weight of load during lowering
b) Weight of punch assembly during punching downward
c) Weight of drill assembly during drilling surface

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 Application of Speed control circuits

Opposing Load Running-away Loads

Meter-in circuit YES NO
Bleed-off circuits YES NO
Meter-out circuit YES YES

• Meter-in circuit and Bleed off circuit are preferred for opposing loads only,
they are not preferred for over running loads. Over running load will cause
cylinder lung or jerky motion of cylinder.

• Meter-out circuit can be used for both types of load.

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 Advantages and Limitations of Meter-out, meter in and
Bleed off circuits
METER-OUT

Advantages:
1) Return line has flow control valve. Hence, it can resist over-running load.
Hence it can be used for both, opposing loads and over-running loads.
2) Pressure drop in FCV will not affect force developed.
Disadvantages:
1) Pressure intensification occurs at rod end if FCV is closed(in case of meter-
out for extension)
2) Closing the FCV increases the back pressure, due to this, net force developed
will reduce.

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METER-IN
Advantages:
1)No problem of pressure intensification.
2)Closing the FCV will not affect the force developed
Disadvantages:
1)Return line is free path back to the reservoir. Hence it can not resist the over
running load. It can be used for opposing load only.
2)Cylinders may lung during stroke. Cylinder movement may be jerky.
3)Pressure drop in FCV may reduce force developed.

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BLEED-OFF
Advantages:
1)Saves energy, avoids over heating of oil.
2)Pressure drop in FCV will not affect force developed.
3)No problem of pressure intensification.
4)Closing the FCV does not affect the force developed.
Disadvantages:
Return line is free path back to the reservoir. Hence it can not resist the over
running load. It can be used for opposing load only.

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