Physics

Lenses Mr. Berman

 What phenomenon is evident in
lenses?

https://wiki.brown.edu/confluence/display/PhysicsLabs/PHYS+0080+BC
Basic Types of
Lenses
• Convex

• Concave
 Convex Lens

http://www.shokabo.co.jp/sp_e/optical/labo/lens/lens
 Concave Lens

http://www.shokabo.co.jp/sp_e/optical/labo/lens/lens.ht
 Type of Image
• Real or Virtual

• Enlarged or Reduced

• Erect or Inverted
 Convex
Lens

f
Center C
 Ray Diagram for Convex Lens

Principal Axis

http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/PhysicalScience/ray_diagram_sample.jpg
 Rules for Ray Diagrams for
Convex Lens
• A parallel ray refracts through the focal
point.

• A ray through the center of the lens

continues straight.

• A ray coming through the focal point,

refracts parallel to the principal axis.
• http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/
college/halliday/0471320005/
simulations6e/index.htm?newwindow=true
 Summary for Convex Lens
When the object is: Then the image is:
• Beyond 2F • Between 2F and F

• At 2F • At 2F

• Between 2F and F • Beyond 2F

• At F • No image

• Between F and lens • Virtual image

 Sign Convention
do  +    object distance

di   +   real image, other side of lens

di    -   virtual image, same side as object

hi + erect image
hi - inverted image

f     +   converging lens (convex)

f     -    diverging lens (concave)
 Magnification

M = hi = -di
ho do

Note: When magnification is <0, the

image is inverted.
Lens Equation
1=1+1
f do di
 Concave Lens
Object

Image
 Summary for Concave Lens
Always:

• Virtual, reduced, upright image

• http://bcs.wiley.com/he-bcs/Books?
action=resource&bcsId=1074&itemId=047
1320005&resourceId=169