车桥的结构、原理及维修手册

Structure, Principle & Service Manual for Vehicle Axle

合肥车桥公司产品研究部
2008 年 10 月
Product Research Dept. of Hefei Axle Co., Ltd.
October,2008
目录
CONTENTS
第一篇

 一
I
后桥结构介绍
PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURE OF REAR AXLE
后桥结构简述
Brief Description of the Structure
 二 后桥总成爆炸图及明细
II Explosion Drawing and Details of Rear Axle
 三 后桥用密封剂和胶粘剂
 III Sealant and Adhesives for Rear Axle
四 后桥易损件明细表
 IV Rear Axle Vulnerable Parts List
五 主要拧紧力矩列表
V Main Tightening Torque List
  第二篇 后桥的检查与维修
PART TWO EXAMINATION AND MAINTENANCE OF REAR AXLE
一 后桥检修参数表
I Rear Axle Examination And Maintenance Parameter Table
二 后桥的检查与维修
II Examination and Maintenance of Rear Axle
  第三篇 后桥总成的拆装与调整
PART THREE REMOVAL, REASSEMBLY AND ADJUSTMENT OF REAR AXLE ASSY
一 后桥总成拆卸
I Removal of Rear Axle Assy
二 后桥总成装配与调整
II Reassembly and Adjustment of Rear Axle Assy
  第四篇 后桥的使用与保养
PART FOUR USAGE AND MAITENANCE
  第五篇 后桥的故障处理
PART FIVE TROUBLESHOOTING
第一篇：后桥结构介绍
PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURE OF REAR AXLE
一、结构简述
I. Brief Description of the Structure

福田公司桥号 合肥车桥公司桥号 主减系列型号

Axle No. for FOTON Corp. Axle No. for Hefei Axle Co., Ltd. Model of Main Reducer Series

1104324000019 HF15015FTF1-4.875 HF15015 系列

HF15015 series

1104924000037 HF15015FTF2-4.875 HF15015 系列

HF15015 series

1104924000047 HF15015FTN-4.875 HF15015 系列

HF15015 series

1106924000025 HF16030FTH-4.875 HF17030 系列

HF17030 series

1106924000004 HF16030FTB-4.875 HF17030 系列

HF17030 series

1106924000021 HF16030FTG-4.875 HF17030 系列

HF17030 series

1106924000013 HF16030FTE-4.875 HF17030 系列

HF17030 series
 后桥结构类型
Type of Rear Axle Structure

项 目 内 容
Item Content

桥壳型 冲压焊接整体式
Type of Axle Housing Stamped, welded, integral type

半轴支撑类型 全浮式
Type of Half-Shaft Support Full floating

减速齿轮类型 单级双曲面螺旋锥齿轮
Type of Reduction Gear Single-stage, hyperboloidal, spiral taper gear

可选主减速比 HF15015 HF17030

Final Reduction Ratio (Optional)

  4.875, 5.375, 5.571, 5.875, 4.33, 4.875, 5.714, 5.286, 6.33

6.142

行星齿轮类型 4 个行星齿轮
Type of Planetary Gear 4 planetary gears
 该系列后桥是两轮驱动汽车驱动桥，后悬挂是非独立悬挂结构。由主减速器、差速器及桥壳等部分组成，是
汽车传动系中末级减速传动机构。主减速器即能改变传动方向，又能降低转速、增大扭矩。它由主动齿轮和从动
齿轮组成，主动齿轮有花键的一端通过主齿凸缘与传动轴万向节总成联接，中间支撑在两个安装方向相反的圆锥
轴承上，以承受轴向力和切向力。主动齿轮小端面颈则安装在圆柱滚子轴承上，仅承受径向力。从动齿轮用十二
个螺栓紧固在差速器左壳上。
This series of rear axles are the drive axles for two-wheel drive motor vehicle, and the rear suspension is a dependent
suspension structure. It consists of the main reducer, differential, axle housing and etc, which is the final reduced drive
mechanism of the drive system of motor vehicle. The main reducer doesn’t only change the driving direction, but also
reduce the speed and increase the torque. The reducer comprises the driving and driven gears. The end of driving gear with
the spline connects with the driving shaft universal joint assy via the driving gear flange and its intermediate part is
supported on two conical bearings, which their installation directions are different, so as to bear the axial and tangential
forces. The small head face & neck of the driving gear is installed on the cylindrical roller bearing, and bears the radial
force only. The driven gear is tightened to the left housing of the differential with twelve bolts.
差速器是使左、右车轮可产生不同转速，它由差速器左右壳、十字轴和四个行星齿轮、两个半轴齿轮等零
件组成。
The differential is used to let the left and right wheels generate different speeds. It consists of the left and right housings,
cross shaft, four planetary gears, two half shaft gear and other parts.
后桥半轴的一端用花键与半轴齿轮联接，另一端凸缘用螺栓与轮毂带制动鼓总成联接。
One end of the rear axle half shaft connects to the half shaft gear with the spline, and the other end flange connects with
the wheel hub with brake drum assy with the bolts.
 后桥参数
Rear Axle Specifications

钢托距 轮胎螺栓数量
桥壳截面
轮距 Distance 及分布 轮毂止口
车桥型号 Cross Section 制动器规格 轮胎螺栓规格
Wheel Between Number and Wheel Hub
Model of Axle of Axle Brake SPEC. Tyre Bolt SPEC.
Track Steel Distribution of Notch
Housing
Supports Tyre Bolts
1104324000019 1485 920 106X106X6 φ310X75 M18X1.5 6 pcs φ190 Φ140.8

1104924000037 1485 920 106X106X6 φ310X75 M18X1.5 6 pcs φ190 Φ140.8

1104924000047 1485 920 106X106X6 φ310X75 M18X1.5 6 pcs φ190 Φ140.8

1106924000025 1600 952 110X110X8 φ310X130 M20X1.5 6 pcs φ222.25 Φ160.8

1106924000004 1600 952 110X110X8 φ310X130 M20X1.5 6 pcs φ222.25 Φ160.8

1106924000021 1600 952 110X110X8 φ310X130 M20X1.5 6 pcs φ222.25 Φ160.8

1106924000013 1600 952 110X110X8 φ310X130 M20X1.5 6 pcs φ222.25 Φ160.8

二、后桥总成爆炸图及明细：
II. Explosion Drawing and Details of Rear Axle Assy:

三、 后桥用密封剂和胶粘剂
III. Sealant and Adhesives for Rear Axle
项 目 所规定的密封剂和胶粘剂
Item Specified Sealant and Adhesive

后桥壳总成与主减速器总成安装面 515 厌氧密封胶

Installation surface of rear axle housing assy and main reducer assy 515 anaerobic sealant

从动齿轮螺栓 GY-340 厌氧胶

Driven gear bolt GY-340 anaerobic adhesive

差壳螺栓 GY-340 厌氧胶

Differential housing bolt GY-340 anaerobic adhesive

减壳螺栓 机械密封胶 605

Reducer housing bolt Mechanical sealant 605
ZL-2 GB5671-85 汽车通用锂基润滑脂。对于出口寒
轮毂内腔
带整车用耐低温润滑脂
Wheel hub internal chamber ZL-2 GB 5671-85 General purpose lithium base grease for automobile.Low-
temperature resistant grease for the complete vehicle exported to the cold
zone
主减总成零部件安装 10 号机油
Installation of main reducer assy components 10# Engine Oil
四、后桥易损件明细：
IV. Rear Axle Vulnerable Parts List
名 称 数量
Description QTY
主动齿轮油封 1
Driving gear oil seal
后轮毂内油封 2
Rear wheel hub inner oil seal
后轮毂内轴承 2
Rear wheel hub inner bearing
后轮毂外轴承 2
Rear wheel hub outer bearing
主动齿轮内轴承 1
Driving gear inner bearing
主动齿轮外轴承 1
Driving gear outer bearing
半轴油封 2
Half shaft oil seal
主齿螺母 1
driving gear nut
差速器轴承 2
Differential bearing
液压各 2 片，气压各 4 片
左右摩檫片 2 pcs for hydraulic brake, respectively;
Left and right friction linings 4 pcs for pneumatic brake, respectively
 五、主要拧紧力矩列表
V. Main Tightening Torque List
1104324000019, 1104924000037
螺栓 ( 螺母 ) 名称 1106924000025, 1106924000004 1106924000021,
1104924000047
Bolt (Nut) Description 1106924000013 (N.m)
(N.m)

主齿螺母 323 - 480

Driving gear nut
250 - 280
主齿轴承座螺栓 75 - 113
Driving gear bearing cap bolt
75- 113
螺栓 - 从动齿轮 240 - 335 108 - 161 (10.9 级 )
Bolt – Driven gear 108 – 161 (Class 10.9)
差速器壳螺栓 240 - 335 63 - 93 (10.9 级 )
Differential housing bolt 63 – 93 (Class 10.9)
减速器壳螺栓 78 - 115
Reducer housing bolt
45 - 79
导向轴承挡板螺栓 16 - 26
Guide bearing baffle plate bolt
16 - 26
轴承盖螺栓 210 - 300 (10.9 级 )
Bearing cap bolt
122 - 185
210 – 300 (Class 10.9)
调整螺母锁片螺栓 16 - 26
Adjusting nut lock piece bolt
后制动器底板螺母 146 – 205 (M14X1.5)
Rear brake backing plate nut
46 - 80 (M10X1)
半轴螺栓 37 - 75 (M10) 45 - 79 (M10X1.25)
Half shaft bolt
轮毂内螺母 396 - 480
Wheel hub inner nut
287 - 346 (M18X1.5)
锁紧垫圈小六角头螺栓 6 - 12
Lock washer small hexagonal head bolt
加油塞
Oil filler plug
44.1 - 53.9
放油塞
Drain plug
44.1 - 53.9
气室支架拧紧力矩 199 - 270 无
Air chamber support tightening torque Null
 第二篇：后桥的检查与维修
PART TWO EXAMINATION AND MAINTENANCE OF REAR AXLE
一、后桥检修参数表
I. Rear Axle Examination and Maintenance Parameter Table

项目 数值
Item Value
  1104324000019, 1104924000037 1106924000025, 1106924000004 1106924000021,
1104924000047 1106924000013

主从动齿轮间隙 0.18 - 0.23mm 0.25 - 0.33mm

Clearance between driving/driven gears

行星、半轴齿轮间隙 0-0.15 mm 0-0.15 mm

Clearance between the planetary/half shaft gears
主动齿轮旋转转矩
The running torque of driving gear
后桥齿轮油
Rear axle gear oil
半轴油封、主动齿轮油封外唇及唇部涂油
Oil applied on half shaft oil seal, driving
gear oil seal lip and outer lip
不带油封、涂齿轮油 10-20 Kgf·cm
Without oil seal, the gear oil applied, 10-20 Kgf·cm
带油封、涂齿轮油 18-21 Kgf·cm
With oil seal, the gear oil applied, 18-21 Kgf·cm
双曲线齿轮油 (GL-4)85W/90 ；容量 5.5 升
双曲线齿轮油 (GL-4)85W/90 ；容量 3.5 升
Hyperbolic gear oil (GL-4) 85W/90; Capacity:
Hyperbolic gear oil (GL-4) 85W/90; Capacity: 3.5L
5.5L
ZL-2 GB5671-85 汽车通用锂基润滑脂
ZL-2 GB5671-85 General purpose lithium base grease for automobile

摩擦片与制动鼓间隙 0.4-0.7 mm ( 液制动器 ) 0.4-0.8 mm ( 气制动器 )

Gap between friction lining and brake drum 0.4-0.7 mm (hydraulic brake) 0.4-0.8 mm (pneumatic brake)
二、后桥检查与维修
II. Examination and Maintenance of Rear Axle
1 、应使用专门的测量仪器或工具来检查零件。
根据指定的维修标准表来断定零件是否能继续使用。损坏零件按要求进行修理和更换。如果在配对零件中有一个被磨损，使间隙超出了规定
的间隙，按有关要求更换此零件以及其他配对零件。
1. Check the parts with the special measuring instrument or tool.
Determine whether the part can be continuously used according to the specified maintenance criteria table. The damaged part shall be repaired and replaced
as required. If one of a pair of parts is worn which makes the gap exceed the specified value, replace this part and other paired parts according to the related
requirements.
2 、从预防保养的观点出发，某些仍在修理或磨损极限内的零件，在超出极限之前就应更换。
2. Starting from the prevention & maintenance viewpoint, some parts which are still under repair or within the wear limit shall be replaced before out of the
limit.
3 、通过肉眼或红色颜料渗透等指定的方法，仔细检查所有零件的外观。如果零件的外表面有以下的异常现象，有关零件应按要求进行修理或更换。
3. With the specified methods such as visual inspection, red dye penetration or etc., carefully check the appearance of all parts. If there is one of the following
abnormal symptoms on the external surface of any part, the related part shall be repaired or replaced as required.
异常现象
Abnormal symptoms
 不均匀磨损  偏磨  擦伤
 Uneven wear  Partial grinding  Bruise
 裂纹  畸形  失效或变弱 ( 指弹簧 )
 Crack  Malformation  Failure or weakness (of the spring)
 弯曲变形  不正常噪音 ( 对轴承而言 )
 Bending & deformation  Abnormal noise (for the bearing)
 松旷  变色或发卡  锈蚀
 Loose  Color change or seized  Corrosion
 变质 ( 对制动摩擦片而言 )
 Deterioration (for the brake friction lining)
4 、所有的橡胶件，如 O 形圈、油封、垫片等在拆下之后应抛弃，不准再使用。
4. All rubber parts, such as O-ring, oil seal, spacer and etc, shall be discarded after removed, and shall not be reused.
5 、传动系统产生异响或震动时，先测量后桥的总游隙，决定是否需要拆卸主减速器总成。
5. In case that the drive system gives off the abnormal sound or vibration, measure the total free play of the rear axle, and then determine whether
the main reducer assy needs to be removed.
将车辆放在水平地面上，将变速器及分动箱置于空档位置，拉上驻车制动杆后将车辆顶起。顺时针方向旋转凸缘到底，并在凸
缘防尘罩和减壳上做匹配标记，再反时针方向将凸缘旋转到底，测量两匹配标记所移动的距离，极限游隙为 6mm ，游隙大于极限，
说明后桥的齿轮间隙过大，必须拆卸后加以调整。
Stop the vehicle on the level ground, turn the transmission and transfer case to the Neutral position, pull up the parking brake lever and then
lift up the vehicle. Turn the flange in the clockwise direction to its end, and complete the matching mark on the flange dust cover and reducer
housing. Then, turn the flange in the anticlockwise direction to its end, and measure the distance which two matching marks moves. The limit
freeplay is 6mm.If the free play is greater than the limit, it shows that the gear backlash of rear axle is excessive. In this case, adjust the
clearance after removal.
异响属噪音的一种，主要表现为在不同的使用条件下 ( 如车速、路况 ) 会产生撞击声或刺耳的尖叫声等非正常声响，有些声响
会通过磨合逐渐消失，有些声响会不断加大；主要是因为装配调整不当造成的，在零件合格的前提下，其解决方法大多可通过调整
零件装配间隙解决。
The abnormal sound is one of noises, and mainly appears as the abnormal acoustics such as the impact sound or harsh screech sound and other
sounds which generate under different service conditions (e.g., vehicle speed, road condition and etc.). Some sounds will gradually disappear
by running in while some ones will increases gradually. The abnormal sound is mainly caused due to the improper reassembly and adjustment,
and the solution is to adjust the reassembly gap of parts under the prerequisite of parts qualified.
6 、 制动不回位表现为制动器刹车后抱死不能继续进行制动操作，主要通过调整制动器总成调整间隙解决。
6. No return of the brake appears as the failure to continuously complete the braking operation after the brake is activated. The trouble is
eliminated by adjusting the gap of brake assy.
项目 维修标准 磨损极限
Item Maintenance criteria Wear limit
后桥钢板弹簧座定位孔磨损 — 1mm
Wear of rear axle steel leaf spring seat location hole
左、右半轴套管外轴承轴颈径向跳动 — 0.1mm
Radial runout of left and right half shaft sleeve outer bearing journal
半轴中部未加工表面径向跳动 — 1.5mm
Radial runout of intermediate non-machined surface of half shaft
轮毂与半轴法兰结合面端面跳动 — 0.15mm
Runout of wheel hub and half shaft flange contact surface
第三篇：后桥总成的拆卸和调整
PART THREE REMOVAL, REASSEMBLY AND ADJUSTMENT OF REAR AXLE ASSY
一、拆卸 I. Removal of Rear Axle
拆卸后桥
Removal of rear axle
1 ．在车轮的前后都用三角垫木楔住。
1. Block the front and rear of wheels with the triangular wood wedges
2 ．松开外侧车轮的车轮螺母。
2. Unscrew the wheel nuts of the outside wheels.
3 ．顶起后桥。
3. Lift up the rear axle.
拆卸半轴
Removal of half shaft
1 ．松开半轴螺母。
1. Loosen the half shaft nut.
2 ．拆下半轴。如果半轴卸不下，用铜锤轻轻的敲击半轴法兰，直到半轴松动。
2. Remove the half shaft. If the half shaft can’t be removed, gently tape on the half shaft
flange with a copper hammer until the half shaft is loose.
分解轮毂
Disassembly of wheel hub
1 。拆下锁止垫圈。
1. Remove the lock washer.
2 。 卸下轮毂轴承锁紧螺母。
2. Remove the wheel hub bearing locknut.
注意：使用轮毂轴承调整螺母扳手来拆卸调整螺母。
CAUTION: Remove the adjusting nut with the wheel hub bearing
adjusting nut wrench.
4. 从半轴套管端部拆下半轴油封。
4. Remove the half shaft oil seal from the end of half shaft sleeve.
  注：装配时，半轴油封外圈涂锂基润滑脂压入后轮毂
NOTE: In case of reassembly, apply the lithium base grease on the outer ring of half
shaft oil seal and then press it into the rear wheel hub.

5. 同内轴承内圈一起，拆下油封衬套。
5. Remove the oil seal bushing and the inner ring of the internal bearing at
the same time.
 
注；装配时，油封衬套需加热后用专用压模压入半轴套管
NOTE: In case of reassembly, the oil seal bushing is pressed into the half
shaft sleeve with a special stamper after the bushing is heated.

6. 从轮毂总成上拆除油封。
6. Remove the oil seal from the wheel hub assy.
7. 拆下内外轴承的外圈。
7. Remove the outer ring of the internal and external bearings.
8. 拆除制动鼓
8. Remove the brake drum.

分解桥壳、主减速器
Disassembly of axle housing and main reducer
1. 放干主减速器齿轮润滑油。
1. Drain out the main reducer gear lubricant oil.
2. 分解传动轴与主减速器的连接。
2. Disassemble the connection of drive shaft and main reducer.
3. 使用千斤顶，拆下主减速器总成。
3. Remove the main reducer assy with a jack
4. 拆除制动器总成，
4. Remove the brake assy.
5. 卸下后桥。
5. Remove the rear axle.
· 用千斤顶支起桥壳。
· Lift up the axle housing with a jack.
· 拆下 U 形螺栓，落下千斤顶，拉出桥壳。
· Remove the U-bolt, lower the jack, and then pull out the axle
housing.
分解主减速器总成

Disassembly of main reducer assy

1) 、在分解之前，测量和记录主被动齿轮的齿侧间隙；
1) Before disassembly, measure and record the gear
backlash of driving/driven gear;
注意：调整后，检查齿轮啮合情况。
CAUTION: After adjustment, check the engagement of the
gear.

2) 、拆除锁片；
2) Remove the lock piece;
3) 、在轴承盖和壳体上，做上装配标记；
3) Complete the reassembly marks on the bearing cap and
housing;
拆下的轴承盖与减壳按配对号左右分开放置，以免装
配混淆。
Separately store the removed bearing cap and reducer
housing according to the matching number so as to avoid
the confusion of reassembly.

4) 、拧松轴承盖的固定螺栓，利用差速器扳手，拆下
调整螺母；
4) Loosen the fixing bolt of the bearing cap, and then
remove the adjusting nut with a differential wrench;
5) 、拆下轴承盖和螺栓；
5) Remove the bearing cap and bolts;

6) 、拆下差速器总成；
6) Remove the differential assy;
7) 、利用拆卸器拆下主动齿轮总成，同时拆下调整
垫片；
7) Remove the driving gear assy with a remover, and
detach the adjusting shim at the same time.
分解差速器总成
Disassembly of the differential assy
1) 、拆下差速器右壳；
1) Remove the right housing of the differential;

2) 、拆下半轴齿轮和支承垫圈；
2) Remove the half shaft gear and supporting bead;
3) 、测量和记录行星齿轮的齿侧间隙；
3) Measure and record the gear backlash of the
planetary gear
注意：测量齿侧间隙时，要压住行星齿轮十字轴。
CAUTION: Press the planetary gear cross shaft when
measuring the gear backlash.

4) 、拆除行星齿轮十字轴总成，再从十字轴上拆下
行星齿轮和支承垫圈；
4) Remove the planetary gear cross shaft assy, and the
detach the planetary gear and supporting bead from the
cross shaft;
5) 、拿出半轴齿轮和半轴齿轮的止推垫圈；
5) Take out the half shaft gear, and then the thrust
washer from the half shaft gear;

6) 、拆下从动齿轮
6) Remove the driven gear;

7) 、从差速器壳上拆下差速器轴承；
7) Remove the differential bearing from the differential
housing;
主动齿轮的拆卸
Removal of the driving gear

1) 、拆除主齿凸缘螺母。
1) Remove the driving gear flange nut;

2) 、拆除轴用弹性挡圈和取下主动齿轮导向轴承；
2) Remove the circlips for shaft, and then take out
the driving gear guide bearing;
3) 从轴承座上压出主动齿轮；
3) Press out the driving gear from the bearing seat;

4) 拆除调整垫圈和轴承隔套；
4) Remove the adjusting washer and bearing spacer
bushing;
5) 、从主动齿轮上拆下轴承；
5) Remove the bearing from the driving gear;

6) 、从轴承座上拆下油封；
6) Remove the oil seal from the bearing seat;

7) 、拆除轴承内圈，拆除轴承外圈
7) Remove the bearing inner ring and then the outer ring.
拆卸过程中检查要点
Highlights During Removal

1 、检查主齿凸缘是否磨损或损坏。
1. Check whether the driving gear flange is worn or damaged.
2 、检查轴承是否磨损或变色。
2. Check whether there is wear or color change of the bearing.
3 、检查齿轮是否有裂纹。
3. Check whether the gear has cracks.
4 、检查主动齿轮和从动齿轮是否磨损或裂纹。
4. Check whether there is wear or crack on the driving and driven gears.
5 、检查半轴齿轮、行星齿轮、行星齿轮轴是否磨损或有裂纹。
5. Check whether the half shaft gear, planetary gear, or planetary gear shaft is
worn or has cracks.
6 、检查半轴齿轮花键是否磨损或损坏。
6. Check whether the half shaft spline is worn or damaged.
二、后桥总成装配与调整
II. Reassembly and Adjustment of Rear Axle Assy
( 一 ) 主减速器总成装配按以上拆卸逆过程装配，装配前所有零件许保持清洁，无油污、铁屑等杂物存在，涂以 10 号机油润滑装配，并按以下要求进
行调整：
(I). The main reducer assy shall be reassembled according to the reverse order of removal. Before reassembly, all parts and components shall be clean, without oil
stains, iron scraps and other foreign materials remained. The 10# engine oil shall be applied on these parts and components for lubrication and reassembly
and they shall be adjusted according to the following requirements:
1 、主动齿轮内外轴承预紧 :
1. Pretension of the driving gear outer and inner bearings
1.1 装配主减速器时，圆锥滚子轴承应有一定的装配预紧度，即在消除轴承间隙的基础上，再给予一定的预紧力。其目的是为了减少在锥齿轮传动过
程中产生的轴向力引起的轴向位移，以提高轴的支承刚度，保证锥齿轮副的正常啮合。但也不能过紧，若过紧则传动效率低，且加速轴承磨损。
1.1 In case that the main reducer is reassembled, the cylindrical roller bearing shall have a certain reassembly pretension, i.e., on the basis of removal of the
bearing clearance, a certain pretension force shall be given. Its purpose is to reduce the axial displacement caused by the axial force during the transmission
of the bevel gear so as to improve the supporting rigidity of the shaft and ensure the normal engagement of the bevel gear pair. However, the pretension shall
not be excessive. If the pretension is excessive, the transmission efficiency is low, and the acceleration bearing is worn.
1.2 主动齿轮轴承预紧力调整：在主齿凸缘螺母拧紧力矩的条件下，装上主齿油封，主动齿轮未与从动齿轮啮合，保证主齿轴承预紧力矩。预紧度的
调整在主齿内外轴承之间增加或减少主齿轴承调整垫圈。调整垫片减少，预紧力矩增加；调整垫片增多，则预紧力矩减少。
1.2 Adjustment of the driving gear bearing pretension: With the tightening torque of the driving gear flange nut, install the driving gear oil seal while the driving
gear doesn’t engage with the driven gear so as to ensure the pretension torque of the driving gear. The adjustment of the pretension is completed by
increasing or decreasing the driving gear bearing adjusting shim between the driving gear inner and outer bearings. The decrease of adjusting shims in
quantity will increase the pretension torque; and the increase of the adjusting shims in quantity will reduce the pretension torque.
2 、差速器轴承预紧调整
2. Adjustment of the differential bearing pretension
2.1 差速器轴承的调整：差速器轴承应调整使其具有预紧力，使其两侧得到 0.01-0.02 的过盈 , 在主从动齿轮未啮合条件下在轴承转动部分加注齿轮油。
差速器轴承预紧力调整是借拧紧差速器轴承螺母调整来进行的，调整时应先将轴盖自由地盖上，待调整环拧动自如时，再将轴承盖螺栓拧紧，然
后再调整预紧力。调整后的调整螺母上的锁槽应对准锁片位置。调整后被动齿轮应无轴向窜动。
2.1 Adjustment of the differential bearing: The differential bearing shall be adjusted to let it have the pretension and get the 0.01 – 0.02 interference magnitude at
its both sides, and the gear oil is refilled into the moving part of the bearing under the condition of non-engagement of the driving and driven gears. The
adjustment of the differential bearing pretension is completed by tightening the differential bearing nut. Freely close the bearing cap first while adjusting,
tighten the bearing cap bolt after the adjusting ring can be freely and smoothly turned, and then adjust the pretension. The lock groove on the adjusting nut
after adjusted shall align with the lock piece position. After adjustment, the driven gear shall be free from axial play.
2.2 差速器齿轮间隙调整
2.2 Adjustment of the differential gear backlash
用百分表在行星齿轮上测量差速器齿轮啮合间隙。注意：测量三个以上点，标准值： 0 - 0.15mm ；极限值： 0.3mm 。
Measure the differential gear engagement clearance on the planetary gear with a dial indicator. CAUTION: Measure the clearance at three or more points, with
the standard value: 0 - 0.15mm; limit value: 0.3mm.
3 、主被动齿轮齿侧间隙、啮合印迹的调整
3. Adjustment of gear backlash and Engagement Imprinting of the Driving/Driven Gear
3.1 齿侧间隙的调整
3.1 Adjustment of gear backlash
1104324000019 、 1104924000037 、 1104924000047 后桥的主、从动齿轮正常啮合间隙为 0.18 - 0.23mm ，在正常范
围内，侧隙变动量不大于 0.05mm ， 1106924000025 、 1106924000004 、 1106924000021 、 1106924000013 后桥的
主、从动齿轮正常啮合间隙为 0.15 - 0.30mm ，在正常范围内，侧隙变动量不大于 0.08mm ，调整齿侧间隙时，应在
从动齿轮沿圆周大致均布的四个位置上进行测量，所用千分表的测量头应垂直与被测点表面。
The normal engagement clearance of the driving and driven gears of 1104324000019, 1104924000037 and 1104924000047
rear axles is 0.18 – 0.23mm, and within the normal range, the variation of gear backlash shall be no greater than 0.05mm; and
the normal engagement clearance of the driving and driven gears of 1106924000025, 1106924000004, 1106924000021 and
1106924000013 rear axles is 0.15 – 0.30mm, and within the normal range, the variation of gear backlash shall be no greater
than 0.08mm. In case of adjusting the gear backlash, measure the clearance at four positions which are evenly distributed along
the circumference of the driven gear. The measuring head of the dial indicator used shall be perpendicular to the surface of the
point to be measured.

3.2 主被动齿轮啮印迹调整
3.2 Adjustment of the driving/driven gear engagement imprinting
先在主动齿轮轮齿上涂红丹粉，然后用手使主从动齿轮反复转动，于是从动齿轮的两侧工作面上出现红色印
迹，若从动齿轮正转和反转工作面上的印迹位于齿高的中间偏于小端，并占齿面的 60% 以上，为正确啮合。见附图
( 一 ) 。正确啮合的印迹位置通过主齿轴承座调整垫片 ( 规格见表六 ) 及差速器轴承调整螺母来调整的。
Apply the red lead powder on the driving gear teeth, and then repeatedly turn the driving/driven gear by hand. So the red
imprinting will appear on the working surface at both sides of the driven gear. If the imprinting on the working surface of the
driven gear which normally and reversely rotates is located at the intermediate position of tooth depth and close to the small
head as well as occupies 60% or more of tooth flank in area, it is proper engagement. See Fig. 1. The properly-engaged
imprinting position is adjusted with the driving gear bearing seat adjusting shim (see Table 6 for its specifications) and
differential bearing adjusting nut.
为保持已调整好的差速器轴承预紧度不变，一端调整螺母拧入的圈数应等于另一端螺母拧出的圈数。再确认
间隙后，锁紧锁片。
To keep the adjusted differential bearing pretension constant, the number of turns of the adjusting nut screwing-in at one end
shall be equal to the number of turns of the nut screwing-out at the other end. After determining the clearance, lock the lock
piece.
 ( 二 ) 后轮毂带制动鼓总成装配按拆卸逆过程装配，装配时调整如下：
(II). Rear wheel hub with brake drum assy is reassembled according to the reverse order of removal, and adjusted as follows while reassembly:
1 、后轮毂轴承游隙调整：
1. Adjustment of rear wheel hub bearing freeplay:
将轴承螺母拧紧至制动鼓不动或转动沉重，然后稍松轴承螺母 1/6-1/8 圈，转动制动鼓，制动摩擦片不与制动鼓接触情况下，在轮
胎螺栓处测量切向拉力为 (1104324000019 、 1104924000037 、 1104924000047) (3-5)kg ，
(1106924000025 、 1106924000004 、 1106924000021 、 1106924000013) (3-6) kg ；或者用手转动制动鼓，应能转动自如。
Tighten the bearing nuts until the brake drum can’t rotate or rotate difficultly, and then loosen the bearing nuts the 1/6 – 1/8 turn and turn the brake
drum. In case that the brake frication lining doesn’t contact the brake drum, the tangential tensile force measured at the tyre bolt shall be (3-5)kg
(1104324000019, 1104924000037, 1104924000047), and (3-6)kg (1106924000025, 1106924000004, 1106924000021, 1106924000013); or if
turning the brake drum by hand, it shall turn freely.
( 三 ) 气制动后桥制动器及气制动支架、气室的安装
(III). Installation of pneumatic brake, rear axle brake, pneumatic brake support and air chamber
1 、将制动器底板带摩擦片分别装入桥壳两端，
1. Install the brake soleplate with frication lining into the both sides of axle housing, respectively;
2 、用螺栓将气制动支架固定，
2. Secure the pneumatic brake support with the bolts;
3 、依次装入凸轮轴、调整臂总成、气室，用合适的调整垫片调整，最后用开口销锁紧，
3. Install the camshaft, adjusting arm assy, air chamber in turn, adjust them with an appropriate adjusting shim, and finally lock them with a split pin;
4 、检查凸轮轴是否转动自如，使轴向间隙≤ 1.0mm 。
4. Check whether the camshaft turns freely, let the axial clearance ≦1.0mm.
( 四 ) 后制动器制动间隙调整：
(IV). Adjustment of the braking gap of rear brake:
1. 液制动器：双向平衡式制动器按底板调整孔处的箭头方向，先分别拔动两个分泵调整齿，使制动鼓与摩擦片贴死，然后将分泵调整齿分
别跋回 5 - 9 齿后，使制动鼓能灵活转动。
1. Hydraulic brake: The bi-directional balancing type brake is adjusted according to the arrow direction indicated at the soleplate adjusting hole. Turn
two cylinder adjusting teeth, respectively, so as to make the brake drum closely adhere to the frication lining, and then turn back the cylinder
adjusting teeth the 5 – 9 teeth, respectively, to let the brake drum flexibly turn.
2. 气制动器：用扳手转动调整臂蜗杆轴使知动鼓表面与制动器摩擦片贴紧，制动鼓转不动，再反向转动蜗杆轴 1/2-1/3 圈，并使制动鼓转动
均匀，无摩擦声。
2. Pneumatic brake: Turn the adjusting arm worm shaft with a wrench to make the brake drum surface tightly close to the brake frication lining. In
this case, the brake drum can’t rotate. Reversely turn the worm shaft the 1/2 - 1/3 turn, and evenly rotate the brake drum, with the frication sound.
实际维修过程应严格按以上步骤及要求调整。
The practical maintenance process shall be adjusted strictly according to the
procedures and requirements above.
表六 垫片规格 (mm)
Table 6 Shim Specifications (mm)

1104324000019, 1104924000037, 1104924000047 1106924000025, 1106924000004, 1106924000021,

1106924000013
主齿轴承座调整垫片 主齿轴承调整垫片 主齿轴承座调整垫片 主齿轴承调整垫片
Driving gear bearing seat Driving gear bearing Driving gear bearing seat Driving gear bearing adjusting
adjusting shim adjusting shim adjusting shim shim
0.10 0.05 0.05 0.05
0.12 0.08 0.06 0.06
0.14 0.12 0.08 0.08
0.16 0.15 0.12 0.12
0.18 0.20 0.35 0.35
0.20 0.25 0.60 0.50
0.35 0.35
0.50 1.00
 To
oth
De
pth
Adjustment Method

Too
th Leng
th
A-Adjustment of tooth flank contact area 齿轮啮合间隙调整
B-Adjustment of gear backlash
方法图
Gear engagement
Driven Gear Working Possible Cause
Surface Contact
Condition

Lean to crest
The driving gear is far away The driven gear separates from the driving gear.
clearance
adjustment method
from the driven gear The driving gear approaches towards the driven gear
so as to get the proper gear backlash [increasing the
shims in quantity].
The driving gear is too close to
The driven gear approaches towards the driving gear.
the driven gear
The driving gear separates from the driven gear so as to get the
proper gear backlash [decreasing the shims in quantity].
Lean to root

The driven gear is too close

to the driving gear
The driven gear separates from the driving gear.
Lean to
The driving gear separates from the driven gear so as
small head to get the proper gear
backlash [decreasing the shims in quantity].

The driven gear is far away

from the driving gear
The driven gear approaches towards the driving gear.
Lean to The driving gear approaches towards the driven gear so
big head as to get the proper gear backlash [increasing the shims
in quantity].
第四篇：使用及保养
PART FOUR USAGE AND MAINTENANCE
一、双曲线齿轮对润滑油的要求严格，桥壳内只允许加注规定的双曲线齿轮油，不允许用普通齿轮代替或混用，否则会
使齿面早期磨损，以至齿轮“剃光头”。
I. The hyperbolic gear has the strict requirements on the lubricant oil. Only the specified hyperbolic gear oil is allowable to be refilled
into the axle housing. The substitution of the gear with the general gears or mixture in use is unallowable, otherwise it may result in
the earlier wear of the tooth flank and even the “barehead shaving” of the gear.
二、后桥主减速器圆锥齿轮在出厂前均已经过选配调整，因此在一般情况下不必拆卸和调整，只有当齿轮磨损，齿隙大
于规定数值或轴承的轴向间隙过大，以及零件损坏必须更换时，方可拆卸和调整。
II. The main reducer bevel gears of the rear axle have been subjected to the matching and adjustment before leaving the factory,
without removal and adjustment under the general condition. Remove and adjust the bevel gears only when the gear is worn and the
gear clearance is greater than the specified value or the axial clearance of the bearing is excessive as well as the parts are damaged
and must be replaced.
三、应经常清除后桥壳上通气塞上的泥土灰层。一级保养时拆下清洗，保证通气道通畅，气道堵塞会使后桥壳内压力增
加，引起主动齿轮油封和结合处漏油，同时应检查壳内的润滑油面。
III. Regularly remove the soil and dust from the breather plug of rear axle housing. During the 1-stage maintenance, remove the
breather plug for cleaning so as to ensure the smoothness of the air passage. The clogging of air passage will increase the pressure
inside the rear axle housing, which may result in the oil leakage from the driving gear oil seal and joint. At the same time, check the
level of lubricant oil in the housing.
1 、新车第一次二级保养时应更换润滑油。新车行使 40000Km 或 24 个月以后，应更换后桥的润滑油。先放尽后桥壳内的
齿轮油，加入煤油，清洗后放尽，再加入新的润滑油牌号为 (GL-5 85W/90) 不允许用一般的齿轮油代替。汽车行使到
80000Km 或 48 个月更换润滑油后，每行使 50000Km 更换一次。
1. Replace the lubricant oil when a new vehicle is subjected to the 2-stage maintenance for the first time. Replace the lubricant oil
of the rear axle after the new vehicle travels 40,000Km or for 24 months. Drain out the gear oil from the axle housing, refill the
kerosene oil to clean the housing, and then drain out the kerosene oil. Then, refill a new lubricant oil (its designation: GL-5
85W/90). DO NOT substitute it with a general gear oil. After replacing the lubricant oil when the vehicle travels 80,000Km or for
48 months, replace it once every 50,000Km mileage.
以后每次二级保养时应检查润滑油的质量，如有变色、变稀等变质情况，应更换新油。
In case of each subsequent 2-stage maintenance, check the quality of the lubricant oil. If such deteriorations as color change,
sparseness and etc appear, replace it with a new oil.
2 、检查制动蹄衬片和制动鼓的磨损状况。新车行使 40000Km 或 24 个月以后检查制动蹄衬片和制动鼓的磨损状况，测量制
动摩擦片磨损最严重部位的厚度，标准值为 4.6mm ，极限值为 1.0mm 。当制动摩擦片的厚度小于极限值时，应更换制动
摩擦片。
2. Check the wear of the brake shoe lining and drum. After a new vehicle travels 40,000Km or for 24 months, check the wear of the
brake shoe lining and drum, measure the thickness of the most serious worn part of the brake frication lining, with the standard
value of 4.6mm and limit value of 1.0mm. In case that the thickness of the brake frication lining is less than the limit value, replace
the frication lining.
四、三级保养时可拆卸后桥，清洗内腔和主减速器总成，按规定力矩拧紧各部件螺栓和螺母。
IV. In case of 3-stage maintenance, remove the rear axle, clean the internal chamber and main reducer assy, and tighten all part bolts
and nuts to the specified torque.
五、注意事项：
V. Precautions:
1 、汽车装载不能超过最大装载重量。
1. The loading of the vehicle shall not exceed the max. laden weight.
2 、汽车行驶过程中，不允许猛抬离合器的方法，来提高汽车的超障能力，以免齿轮被冲击损坏。
2. During the vehicle is traveling, DO NOT fiercely pull up the clutch to improve the over obstacles capacity of the vehicle so as to
avoid that the gear is damaged by the impact.
第五篇：后桥的故障处理
PART FIVE TROUBLESHOOTING
故障 Trouble 原因 Possible Cause 措施 / 预防 Troubleshooting/Prevention
轮毂轴承滞涩 轮毂轴承预紧力大 Wheel hub bearing pretension excessive 调整预紧力 Adjust the pretension
Wheel hub bearing
轴承缺乏润滑或润滑脂不正确 加注或更换润滑脂
slugged
The bearing short of lubrication or lubricating grease improper Refill or replace the grease
轴承沾灰尘 Dust remained on the bearing 清洗并加注润滑脂 Clean it and refill the lubricating grease
车轮发涩 凸轮轴润滑不良或调整臂不回位 加润滑脂或校正有故障部件
Wheel rotation Camshaft lubrication poor or adjusting arm not return Refill the lubricating grease or correct the faulty parts
unsmooth
制动蹄或气室回位弹簧折断或疲劳 更换有故障部件
Brake shoe or air chamber return spring broken or fatigued Replace the faulty parts
传动非正常声音 差速器齿轮间隙不当 Differential gear backlash improper 更换垫片或齿轮 Replace the spacer or gear
Abnormal sound
from the drive 主被动齿轮之间的间隙过大 更换垫片或齿轮
system Gap between the driving/driven gears excessive Replace the spacer or gear
主动齿轮轴承预紧力过小 Driving gear bearing pretension low 调整预紧力 Adjust the pretension

半轴齿轮、行星齿轮、 十字轴止推垫片等有磨伤或损伤 校正或更换有故障的零件

Half shaft gear, planetary gear, cross shaft thrust spacer and other parts Correct or replace the damaged parts
worn or damaged
油平面过低 Oil level low 加足润滑油 Fully refill the lubricant oil
润滑油泄漏 油封磨损、松动或损伤 Oil seal worn, loose or damaged 更换油封 Replace the oil seal
Lubricant oil
leakage 主减紧固螺栓松或密封胶损坏 拧紧螺栓或重涂密封胶
Main reducer fastening bolt loose or sealant damaged Tighten the bolt or reapply the sealant
轴承座紧固螺栓松 Bearing seat fastening bolt loose 按规定力矩拧紧螺栓 Tighten the bolt to the specified torque
放油螺塞松或衬垫有损伤 Drain plug loose or gasket damaged 拧紧螺塞或更换衬垫 Tighten the plug or replace the gasket
由于超载使桥壳变形 Axle housing deformed due to overload 更换桥壳 Replace the axle housing
通气塞被堵或损伤 The breather plug clogged or damaged 清洁或更换通气塞 Clean or replace the breather plug
故障 Trouble 原因 Possible Cause 措施 / 预防 Troubleshooting/Prevention

制动力不足 凸轮轴旋转不灵 Camshaft rotation failure 检查凸轮轴工作情况 Check the operation of camshaft
Braking force
制动气室推杆行程调整不当 调整行程
shortage
Brake air chamber push-rod travel adjustment improper Adjust the travel

摩擦片过热或变质 Frication lining over-heat or 更换摩擦片 Replace the ling

deteriorated

摩擦片贴合不当 Frication linings adhesion improper 校正摩擦片贴合位置 Correct the frication lining adhesion position

制动鼓进水 行驶中轻踩踏板，排干水
Water penetration into the brake drum Gently step on the brake pedal while driving so as to drain out the water

摩擦片或制动鼓接触面上有油脂 清除油脂或更换摩擦片
Frication lining or brake drum contact surface oil-stained Remove the grease or replace the frication lining

制动异响 摩擦片磨损使铆钉凸出 更换摩擦片

Abnormal Frication lining worn which makes the rivet protrude Replace the frication lining
sound from
brake 摩擦片表面硬化或变质 更换摩擦片
Friction lining surface hardened or deteriorated Replace the frication lining

制动鼓不均匀磨损或安装不牢 校正制动鼓或拧紧螺栓
Brake drum unevenly worn or installation poor Correct the brake drum or tighten the bolt

制动蹄与摩擦片接触不紧密 更换铆钉
Brake shoe and friction lining contact poor Replace the rivet

制动蹄固定销松动 Brake shoe fixing pin loose 拧紧固定销锁紧螺钉 Tighten the fixing pin lock screw

轮毂轴承磨损 Wheel hub bearing worn 更换轮毂轴承 Replace the hub bearing

制动鼓变形 Brake drum deformed 更换制动鼓 Replace the brake drum

制动蹄安装不当或回位弹簧损伤 拧紧固定销锁紧螺钉或更换回位弹簧
Brake shoe installation improper or return spring damaged Tighten the fixing pin lock screw or replace the return spring

制动摩擦片有油或变质 清洗或更换摩擦片
Brake friction lining oil-stained or deteriorated Clean or replace the friction lining

制动底板有损伤 Brake soleplate damaged 更换制动底板 Replace the brake soleplate