Computer

Computer System Servicing / Cisco

9
Perform Basic
Mensuration
Correct Specifications from Relevant Sources

Computer Specification

- often refers to a set of documented

requirements to be satisfied by a material,
design, product, or service.
- A specification is often a type of
technical standard.
Example of specification given by well-known manufacturer such as Dell,
Asus and HP:

Dell XPS 13 (2019):

CPU: 1.8GHz Intel Core i7-8565U
Graphics: Intel UHD Graphics 620
RAM: 16GB DDR3 (2,133MHz)
Screen: 13.3-inch, Ultra HD (3,840 x 2,160) Ultra Sharp Infinity
Edge touch display
Storage: 1TB SSD
Ports: 2 x Thunderbolt 3 (USB-C), 1 x USB-C 3.1, micro SD card
reader, headset jack
Connectivity: Killer 1435 802.11ac Wi-Fi,  Bluetooth 4.1
Camera: Widescreen HD (720p) webcam with 4 array digital
microphones
Weight: 2.7 pounds (1.23kg)
Size: 11.9 x 7.8 x 0.3-0.46 inches (3.02 x 1.99 x 0.78-1.16cm; W x
D x H)
Example of specification given by well-known manufacturer such as Dell,
Asus and HP:

HP Notebook DM038T Core i3:

OS: Windows 10
Processor: Intel Core i3-  7100U
HDD: 1TB
Ram: 4GB DDR4 SSD
Display type: HD LED-backlit Display
Graphic Memory: 2 GB AMD Radeon Graphics
Screen Size: 15.6 inches
USB: 1 x USB 2.0 ,1 x Type C USB3.0
Weight: 2000g
Example of specification given by well-known manufacturer such as Dell,
Asus and HP:

Asus Notebook X540UP Core i5:

OS: Windows 10
Processor: Intel Core i5-8250U ,1.6 GHz
HDD: 1TB SSD
Ram: 8GB DDR4
Screen Size: 15.6 inches
USB: 2 USB 3.1 Gen 1,1 USB 2.0
Weight: 2040g
 Types of Components
and Objects to be Measured
 Computer Memory
 Storage Drive
 Processor
 Monitor
 OS Version
Computer Memory
- it is considered as the Primary Storage in a computer
system.

- If your computer's CPU had to constantly access the hard

drive to retrieve every piece of data it needs, it would
operate very slowly. When the information is kept in
memory, the CPU can access it much more quickly.
Type of Computer Memory
1. ROM
2. RAM

1. Read-Only Memory (ROM)

- Read-only memory chips are located in the
motherboard.
- ROM chips contain instructions that can be
directly accessed by the CPU.

- ROM is non-volatile memory.

2. Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Random access memory is the temporary storage for data and programs
that are being accessed by the CPU.

- RAM is volatile memory.

- The more RAM in a computer, the more

capacity the computer has to hold and
process large programs and files, as well
as enhance system performance.
1. Random Access Memory (RAM)

Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual

chips. The individual memory chips, called dual inline package
(DIP) chips

To solve this problem,

designers soldered the
memory chips on a special
circuit board called a
memory module.
 Memory Module
There are different types of RAM available. There is the old type
SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory), then DDR
SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM), DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM,
and DDR4 SDRAM is now available.
 Memory Module

MegaHertz (MHz)/ GigaHertz (GHz)

Memory speed is measured in hertz (MegaHertz = MHz or
GigaHertz = GHz) in which its frequency works by clock
cycles. Each read and write is done on a cycle. RAM is
measured by how many cycles per second it can perform. For
example, if RAM is rated at 2.4GHz, it performs 2.4 Billion
cycles per second.
 Memory Module

Name Clock cycles Transfer rate DIMM pins

DDR1 100-200 MHz 200-400 MT/s 184
DDR2 200-533 MHz 400-1066 MT/s 184-240
DDR3 400-1066 MHz 800-2132 MT/s 240
DDR4 1066-2133 MHz 2132-4266 MT/s 288
Storage Drives
Hard Drive
Floppy Drive
Optical Drive
Flash Drive
Solid State Drive
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical
storage media. Used to record, store, read and write
data/information.

Data storage capacity refers to how much disk space the storage
device provides. It measures how much data a computer system may
contain.
Computer Data is expressed as bytes, kilobytes and megabytes.
1Kilobyte is 1024 bytes not 1000 bytes.

Byte (B)
Kilobyte 1,024
Megabyte 1,048,576
Gigabyte 1,073,741,824
Terabyte 1,099,511,627,776

1 Byte = 8 bits = 1 character.

Hard Drive / Hard Disk Drive / HDD

- Internal computer storage that offers permanent storage of

data and information.
- The storage capacity of a hard drive is measured in bytes;
kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB) and
terabytes (TB).
Solid State Drive
- a device used for data storage same like the HDD.
- one of the newest generation of storage device that's used for
Laptops, netbooks and other mobile computers.
Floppy Drive
A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that uses
removable 3.5-inch floppy disks. A floppy disk, also known as
a floppy, diskette, or simply disk can store 720 KB or 1.44 MB
of data.
Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read
data on the optical media. There are three types of optical
drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and
Blu-ray Disc (BD). CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-
recorded (read-only), recordable (write once), or re-writable
(read and write multiple times).
Flash drive, also called as a thumb drive or pen drive or USB
flash drive, is a removable storage device that connects to a
USB port. An external flash drive uses the same type of non-
volatile memory
CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Also called as Processor, the brain of the computer where

calculations, processing and decision operations take place.

The measurement of CPU speed is the clock speed, which is

measured in MHz or GHz. The higher the clock speed, the
more operations the CPU can execute per second.
 Monitor is an output device that displays information in
pictorial forms.

The size of a screen is usually described by the length of its diagonal,

which is the distance between opposite corners, usually in inches. It is also
sometimes called the physical image size to distinguish it from the "logical
image size," which describes a screen resolution and is measured in pixels.
 - Screen resolution
refers to the clarity of the
text and images displayed
on your screen.
- At higher resolutions,
such as 1600 x 1200
pixels, items appear
sharper.

- a pixel is the smallest unit of a digital image or

graphic that can be displayed and represented on a
digital display device.
 OS Versions (Windows Operating System)

• Windows XP (October 2001)

• Windows Vista (November 2006)

• Windows 7 (October, 2009)

• Windows 8 (August 1, 2012)

• Windows 10 (2015)

• Windows 11