VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI -590018

Technical seminar on
“Heart failure monitoring,prediction and prevention
of heart attack using ANN”
By
HARSHITHA L
Under The Guidance Of
PADMAVATHI C
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELETRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
14/5, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Chikkasandara,Bengaluru-
560057
2018-2019
 INTRODUCTION
• Heart is the most important component of the cardiovascular system. The heart
is electrically stimulated by a special unit called Sino atrial node.

• Heart attacks are the number one cause of death globally and more people die
from heart attacks compared to any other disease.

• Heart failure means that the heart is unable to pump blood around the body
properly. It usually occurs because the heart has become too weak or stiff.

• Disturbance in the electrical activity of the heart leads to a condition called

Arrhythmia. Arrhythmia is a diseased condition of the heart in which there is a
great variation of the heart’s rhythm from the normal sinus rhythm.

•  An efficient system or a model is used, that can predict heart attacks.

• Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used for the prediction and declaration of
the results.
 REASON FOR USING ANN
• Some of the features of artificial neural networks are:
a) Non linearity b) Inputoutput mapping c) Adaptivity d) Fault
tolerance
e) Uniformity of analysis and design f) Neurobiological
analogy
g) Contextual information.

• Some of the other features are it is highly precise, very

accurate and has a good learning rate.

• Due to these superior features artificial neural network is the

best tool for predicting and diagnosing the heart diseases.
 SYMPTOMS OF HEART ATTACK

The main symptoms of heart failure are:

• breathlessness after activity or at rest

• feeling tired most of the time and finding exercise exhausting
• swollen ankles and legs
• other symptoms, such as a persistent cough, a fast heart rate
and dizziness.
 STAGES OF HEART ATTACK

• class 1 – you don't have any symptoms during normal

physical activity
• class 2 – you're comfortable at rest, but normal physical
activity triggers symptoms
• class 3 – you're comfortable at rest, but minor physical activity
triggers symptoms
• class 4 – you're unable to carry out any physical activity
without discomfort and may have symptoms even when
resting
 TESTS FOR HEART FAILURE

Blood tests – to check whether there's anything in your blood that might indicate

heart failure or another illness.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) – this records the electrical activity of your heart to check

for problems.
Echocardiogram – a type of ultrasound scan where sound waves are used to

examine your heart.

Breathing tests – you may be asked to blow into a tube to check whether a lung

problem is contributing to your breathlessness; common tests include spirometry and

a peak flow test.

Chest X-ray – to check whether your heart's bigger than it should be, whether there's

fluid in your lungs or whether a lung condition could be causing your symptoms.
 DIAGNOSIS

Some of the common treatments are

 lifestyle changes – including eating a healthy diet, exercising
regularly and stopping smoking
 medication – a range of medicines can help. Many people
need to take 2 or 3 different types
 devices implanted in your chest – these can help control your
heart rhythm
 surgery – such as a bypass operation or a heart transplant
• Some people with heart failure will need to have a procedure
to implant a small device in their chest that can help control
their heart's rhythm.
The most commonly used devices are:
 Pacemakers -A pacemaker monitors your heart rate
continuously, and sends electrical pulses to your heart to keep
it beating regularly and at the right speed
 cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) devices -Cardiac
resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is a special type of
pacemaker that can correct the problem by making the walls
of the left ventricle all contract at the same time. This makes
the heart pump more efficiently.
 implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) -An ICD
constantly monitors the heart rhythm.If the heart starts beating
dangerously fast, the ICD will try to bring it back to normal by
giving it a small, controlled electrical shock . 

 CRT-Ds -Devices that combine cardiac resynchronisation

and defibrillation are implanted into patients who need both.

 PREDICTION OF HEART ATTACK
Training of back Propagtion Neural Network –
• Back-propagation is the essence of neural net training. It is the
method of fine-tuning the weights of a neural net based on the
error rate obtained in the previous iteration.
•It is a standard method of training artificial neural networks. This method helps
to calculate the gradient of a loss function with respects to all the weights in the
network.


Inputs X, arrive through the preconnected path

Input is modeled using real weights W. The weights are usually randomly
selected.

Calculate the output for every neuron from the input layer, to the hidden layers,
to the output layer.

Calculate the error in the outputs
ErrorB= Actual Output – Desired Output

Travel back from the output layer to the hidden layer to adjust the weights such
that the error is decreased.

Keep repeating the process until the desired output is achieved
 PREVENTION OF HEART ATTACK

 Looking after yourself

 Have a healthy diet
 Exercise regularly
 Stop smoking
 Limit your alcohol consumption
 Get vaccinated
 Travelling and driving
 ADVANTAGES OF ANN
•  Storing information on the entire network : Information such
as in traditional programming is stored on the entire network,
not on a database
• Ability to work with incomplete knowledge
•  Having fault tolerance
• Having a distributed memory
• Parallel processing capability
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Analysis Using Nonlinear PC for Ischemia Detection,” IEEE. Trans. On signa No 11,pp 3058-
3066,May1998 . [3] Anton Bartolo,Bradley D.Clymer,Richard p.Turnbull,Joseph A Golish,Michael
C.Perry Detector and Heart Rate Estimator for overnig studies,” IEEE. Trans. On Biomedical
Engineeri 513-520,May2001. [4] Lena Biel,Ola Pettersson,Lennart Philipson and Analysis :A new
approach in human identificatio instrumentation and measurement, vol. 50, No 2001. [5]
Eduardo de Azevedo Botter,Cairo L Nascim Yoneyama., “A Neural network with asymmetri
feature extraction of ECG P waves.,” IEEE. Networks, vol. 12, No 5,pp 1252-1254,Sep.2001.
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THANK YOU